feat(i18n): standardize bilingual catalogs and tooling

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/catalogs.test.ts

@@ -3,27 +3,15 @@ import { describe, it } from "vitest"
 import { expectCompleteCatalogs } from "../../../i18n/test-catalogs"
 import { appearanceMessages, themeColorMessages } from "../messages"
 import { appearanceCatalogLocales } from "./catalogs"
-import { messages as de } from "./de"
-import { messages as en } from "./en"
-import { messages as es } from "./es"
-import { messages as fr } from "./fr"
-import { messages as ja } from "./ja"
-import { messages as ko } from "./ko"
+import { messages as enUS } from "./en-US"
 import { messages as zhHans } from "./zh-Hans"
-import { messages as zhHant } from "./zh-Hant"
 
 describe("appearance locale catalogs", () => {
   it("ship every appearance message in every built-in locale", () => {
     expectCompleteCatalogs({
       catalogs: {
-        de,
-        en,
-        es,
-        fr,
-        ja,
-        ko,
+        "en-US": enUS,
         "zh-Hans": zhHans,
-        "zh-Hant": zhHant,
       },
       locales: appearanceCatalogLocales,
       messageIds: [

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/de.ts

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-import type { AppearanceMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "de"
-export const languageTag = "de-DE"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.appearance.active": "Aktiv",
-  "blocks.appearance.baseColor": "Basisfarbe",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.amber": "Bernstein",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.blue": "Blau",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.cyan": "Cyan",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.emerald": "Smaragd",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.fuchsia": "Fuchsia",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.green": "Grün",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.indigo": "Indigo",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.lime": "Limette",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mauve": "Malve",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mist": "Nebel",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.neutral": "Neutral",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.olive": "Oliv",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.orange": "Orange",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.pink": "Rosa",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.purple": "Lila",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.red": "Rot",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.rose": "Rose",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.sky": "Himmelblau",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.stone": "Stein",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.taupe": "Taupe",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.teal": "Blaugrün",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.violet": "Violett",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.yellow": "Gelb",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.zinc": "Zink",
-  "blocks.appearance.command.description":
-    "Design- und Layout-Einstellungen öffnen",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.description":
-    "Eine kompakte Breite für den Hauptinhalt verwenden",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.title": "Kompaktes Layout",
-  "blocks.appearance.description": "Design- und Layout-Einstellungen",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark": "Dunkel",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark.description":
-    "Die Oberfläche verwendet immer das dunkle Design",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light": "Hell",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light.description":
-    "Die Oberfläche verwendet immer das helle Design",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system": "System",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system.description":
-    "Das Design der Oberfläche folgt der Systemeinstellung",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.title": "Darstellungsmodus",
-  "blocks.appearance.primaryColor": "Primärfarbe",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark": "Dunkles Design",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark.description":
-    "Dieses Design wird im dunklen Systemmodus verwendet",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light": "Helles Design",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light.description":
-    "Dieses Design wird im hellen Systemmodus verwendet",
-  "blocks.appearance.title": "Darstellung",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme": "Design wechseln",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme.description":
-    "Zwischen hellem und dunklem Design wechseln",
-} as const satisfies AppearanceMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { MessageDescriptor } from "@workspace/i18n"
 import { appearanceMessages, themeColorMessages } from "../messages.ts"
 import type { AppearanceMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 
 function createSourceCatalog(

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/es.ts

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-import type { AppearanceMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "es"
-export const languageTag = "es-ES"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.appearance.active": "Activo",
-  "blocks.appearance.baseColor": "Color base",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.amber": "Ámbar",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.blue": "Azul",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.cyan": "Cian",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.emerald": "Esmeralda",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.fuchsia": "Fucsia",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.green": "Verde",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.indigo": "Índigo",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.lime": "Lima",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mauve": "Malva",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mist": "Niebla",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.neutral": "Neutro",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.olive": "Oliva",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.orange": "Naranja",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.pink": "Rosa",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.purple": "Morado",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.red": "Rojo",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.rose": "Rosa intenso",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.sky": "Celeste",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.stone": "Piedra",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.taupe": "Topo",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.teal": "Verde azulado",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.violet": "Violeta",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.yellow": "Amarillo",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.zinc": "Zinc",
-  "blocks.appearance.command.description":
-    "Abrir las preferencias de tema y diseño",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.description":
-    "Usar un ancho compacto para el contenido principal",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.title": "Diseño compacto",
-  "blocks.appearance.description": "Preferencias de tema y diseño",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark": "Oscuro",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark.description":
-    "La interfaz siempre usará el tema oscuro",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light": "Claro",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light.description":
-    "La interfaz siempre usará el tema claro",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system": "Sistema",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system.description":
-    "El tema de la interfaz seguirá la apariencia del sistema",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.title": "Modo de tema",
-  "blocks.appearance.primaryColor": "Color principal",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark": "Tema oscuro",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark.description":
-    "Este tema se usa cuando el sistema está en modo oscuro",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light": "Tema claro",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light.description":
-    "Este tema se usa cuando el sistema está en modo claro",
-  "blocks.appearance.title": "Apariencia",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme": "Cambiar tema",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme.description":
-    "Cambiar entre los temas claro y oscuro",
-} as const satisfies AppearanceMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/fr.ts

@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-import type { AppearanceMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "fr"
-export const languageTag = "fr-FR"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.appearance.active": "Actif",
-  "blocks.appearance.baseColor": "Couleur de base",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.amber": "Ambre",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.blue": "Bleu",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.cyan": "Cyan",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.emerald": "Émeraude",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.fuchsia": "Fuchsia",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.green": "Vert",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.indigo": "Indigo",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.lime": "Citron vert",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mauve": "Mauve",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mist": "Brume",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.neutral": "Neutre",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.olive": "Olive",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.orange": "Orange",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.pink": "Rose",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.purple": "Pourpre",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.red": "Rouge",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.rose": "Rose soutenu",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.sky": "Bleu ciel",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.stone": "Pierre",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.taupe": "Taupe",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.teal": "Sarcelle",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.violet": "Violet",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.yellow": "Jaune",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.zinc": "Zinc",
-  "blocks.appearance.command.description":
-    "Ouvrir les préférences de thème et de mise en page",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.description":
-    "Utiliser une largeur compacte pour le contenu principal",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.title": "Mise en page compacte",
-  "blocks.appearance.description": "Préférences de thème et de mise en page",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark": "Sombre",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark.description":
-    "L’interface utilisera toujours le thème sombre",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light": "Clair",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light.description":
-    "L’interface utilisera toujours le thème clair",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system": "Système",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system.description":
-    "Le thème de l’interface suivra l’apparence du système",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.title": "Mode du thème",
-  "blocks.appearance.primaryColor": "Couleur principale",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark": "Thème sombre",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark.description":
-    "Ce thème est utilisé lorsque le système est en mode sombre",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light": "Thème clair",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light.description":
-    "Ce thème est utilisé lorsque le système est en mode clair",
-  "blocks.appearance.title": "Apparence",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme": "Changer de thème",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme.description":
-    "Basculer entre les thèmes clair et sombre",
-} as const satisfies AppearanceMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/ja.ts

@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-import type { AppearanceMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ja"
-export const languageTag = "ja-JP"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.appearance.active": "使用中",
-  "blocks.appearance.baseColor": "ベースカラー",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.amber": "アンバー",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.blue": "ブルー",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.cyan": "シアン",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.emerald": "エメラルド",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.fuchsia": "フクシア",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.green": "グリーン",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.indigo": "インディゴ",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.lime": "ライム",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mauve": "モーブ",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mist": "ミスト",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.neutral": "ニュートラル",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.olive": "オリーブ",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.orange": "オレンジ",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.pink": "ピンク",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.purple": "パープル",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.red": "レッド",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.rose": "ローズ",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.sky": "スカイ",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.stone": "ストーン",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.taupe": "トープ",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.teal": "ティール",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.violet": "バイオレット",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.yellow": "イエロー",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.zinc": "ジンク",
-  "blocks.appearance.command.description": "テーマとレイアウト設定を開く",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.description":
-    "メインページのコンテンツをコンパクトな幅で表示します",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.title": "コンパクトレイアウト",
-  "blocks.appearance.description": "テーマとレイアウトの設定",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark": "ダーク",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark.description": "常にダークテーマを使用します",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light": "ライト",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light.description": "常にライトテーマを使用します",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system": "システム",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system.description":
-    "インターフェースのテーマをシステムの外観に合わせます",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.title": "テーマモード",
-  "blocks.appearance.primaryColor": "プライマリカラー",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark": "ダークテーマ",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark.description":
-    "システムがダークモードのときに使用するテーマです",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light": "ライトテーマ",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light.description":
-    "システムがライトモードのときに使用するテーマです",
-  "blocks.appearance.title": "外観",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme": "テーマを切り替える",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme.description":
-    "ライトテーマとダークテーマを切り替えます",
-} as const satisfies AppearanceMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/ko.ts

@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-import type { AppearanceMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ko"
-export const languageTag = "ko-KR"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.appearance.active": "사용 중",
-  "blocks.appearance.baseColor": "기본 색상",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.amber": "호박색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.blue": "파란색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.cyan": "청록색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.emerald": "에메랄드",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.fuchsia": "자홍색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.green": "초록색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.indigo": "남색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.lime": "라임",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mauve": "연보라",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mist": "안개색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.neutral": "중성색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.olive": "올리브",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.orange": "주황색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.pink": "분홍색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.purple": "보라색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.red": "빨간색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.rose": "장미색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.sky": "하늘색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.stone": "돌색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.taupe": "회갈색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.teal": "틸",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.violet": "제비꽃색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.yellow": "노란색",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.zinc": "아연색",
-  "blocks.appearance.command.description": "테마 및 레이아웃 환경설정 열기",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.description":
-    "기본 페이지 콘텐츠에 좁은 너비를 사용합니다",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.title": "컴팩트 레이아웃",
-  "blocks.appearance.description": "테마 및 레이아웃 환경설정",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark": "어둡게",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark.description":
-    "인터페이스에서 항상 어두운 테마를 사용합니다",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light": "밝게",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light.description":
-    "인터페이스에서 항상 밝은 테마를 사용합니다",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system": "시스템",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system.description":
-    "인터페이스 테마가 시스템 화면 모드를 따릅니다",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.title": "테마 모드",
-  "blocks.appearance.primaryColor": "주요 색상",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark": "어두운 테마",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark.description":
-    "시스템이 어두운 모드일 때 사용하는 테마입니다",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light": "밝은 테마",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light.description":
-    "시스템이 밝은 모드일 때 사용하는 테마입니다",
-  "blocks.appearance.title": "화면 모양",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme": "테마 전환",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme.description":
-    "밝은 테마와 어두운 테마 사이를 전환합니다",
-} as const satisfies AppearanceMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/appearance/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-import type { AppearanceMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "zh-Hant"
-export const languageTag = "zh-TW"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.appearance.active": "使用中",
-  "blocks.appearance.baseColor": "基礎顏色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.amber": "琥珀色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.blue": "藍色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.cyan": "青色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.emerald": "翠綠色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.fuchsia": "紫紅色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.green": "綠色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.indigo": "靛藍色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.lime": "萊姆色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mauve": "淡紫色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.mist": "霧灰色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.neutral": "中性灰",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.olive": "橄欖色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.orange": "橙色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.pink": "粉紅色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.purple": "紫色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.red": "紅色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.rose": "玫瑰色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.sky": "天藍色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.stone": "石灰色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.taupe": "灰褐色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.teal": "藍綠色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.violet": "紫羅蘭色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.yellow": "黃色",
-  "blocks.appearance.color.zinc": "鋅灰色",
-  "blocks.appearance.command.description": "開啟主題與版面配置偏好",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.description": "使用較緊湊的主頁內容寬度",
-  "blocks.appearance.compact.title": "緊湊版面配置",
-  "blocks.appearance.description": "主題與版面配置偏好",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark": "深色",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.dark.description": "介面將一律使用深色主題",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light": "淺色",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.light.description": "介面將一律使用淺色主題",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system": "系統",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.system.description": "介面主題將跟隨系統外觀設定",
-  "blocks.appearance.mode.title": "主題模式",
-  "blocks.appearance.primaryColor": "主要顏色",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark": "深色主題",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.dark.description": "系統使用深色模式時套用此主題",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light": "淺色主題",
-  "blocks.appearance.theme.light.description": "系統使用淺色模式時套用此主題",
-  "blocks.appearance.title": "介面外觀",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme": "切換主題",
-  "blocks.appearance.toggleTheme.description": "在淺色與深色主題之間切換",
-} as const satisfies AppearanceMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/chat-message-list.test.tsx

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { I18nProvider } from "@workspace/i18n"
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest"
 
 import { ChatMessageList } from "./chat-message-list"
-import { messages as englishMessages } from "./locales/en"
+import { messages as englishMessages } from "./locales/en-US"
 import type { ChatConversation } from "./types"
 
 const conversation: ChatConversation = {
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ describe("ChatMessageList", () => {
     )
 
     render(
-      <I18nProvider locale="en" catalogs={{ en: englishMessages }}>
+      <I18nProvider locale="en-US" catalogs={{ "en-US": englishMessages }}>
         <ChatMessageList
           conversation={conversation}
           resolveMediaUrl={resolveMediaUrl}

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/chat-workspace.test.tsx

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import { I18nProvider } from "@workspace/i18n"
 import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest"
 
 import { ChatWorkspace } from "./chat-workspace"
-import { messages as englishMessages } from "./locales/en"
+import { messages as englishMessages } from "./locales/en-US"
 import type { ChatConversation, ChatSendHandler } from "./types"
 
 vi.stubGlobal(
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ function renderWorkspace({
   onSend?: ChatSendHandler
 } = {}) {
   return render(
-    <I18nProvider locale="en" catalogs={{ en: englishMessages }}>
+    <I18nProvider locale="en-US" catalogs={{ "en-US": englishMessages }}>
       <ChatWorkspace
         conversations={conversations}
         draft={draft}
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ describe("ChatWorkspace", () => {
     expect(editor.getAttribute("contenteditable")).toBe("true")
 
     rerender(
-      <I18nProvider locale="en" catalogs={{ en: englishMessages }}>
+      <I18nProvider locale="en-US" catalogs={{ "en-US": englishMessages }}>
         <ChatWorkspace conversations={conversations} draft="Lexical draft" />
       </I18nProvider>
     )

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/catalogs.test.ts

@@ -3,27 +3,15 @@ import { describe, it } from "vitest"
 import { expectCompleteCatalogs } from "../../../i18n/test-catalogs"
 import { chatMessages } from "../messages"
 import { chatCatalogLocales } from "./catalogs"
-import { messages as de } from "./de"
-import { messages as en } from "./en"
-import { messages as es } from "./es"
-import { messages as fr } from "./fr"
-import { messages as ja } from "./ja"
-import { messages as ko } from "./ko"
+import { messages as enUS } from "./en-US"
 import { messages as zhHans } from "./zh-Hans"
-import { messages as zhHant } from "./zh-Hant"
 
 describe("chat locale catalogs", () => {
   it("ship every chat message in every built-in locale", () => {
     expectCompleteCatalogs({
       catalogs: {
-        de,
-        en,
-        es,
-        fr,
-        ja,
-        ko,
+        "en-US": enUS,
         "zh-Hans": zhHans,
-        "zh-Hant": zhHant,
       },
       locales: chatCatalogLocales,
       messageIds: Object.values(chatMessages).map(

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/de.ts

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-import type { ChatMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "de"
-export const languageTag = "de-DE"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addFiles": "Dateien hinzufügen",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addEmoji": "Emoji hinzufügen",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addImage": "Bild hinzufügen",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.backToConversations": "Zurück zu Unterhaltungen",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.conversationDetails": "Unterhaltungsdetails",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.loadEarlier": "Frühere Nachrichten laden",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.removeAttachment": "{name} entfernen",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.retry": "Erneut versuchen",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.send": "Senden",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sendOnEnter": "Mit Enter senden",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sending": "Wird gesendet…",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.description":
-    "Starte eine Unterhaltung, damit sie hier erscheint.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.title": "Keine Unterhaltungen",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.description":
-    "Nachrichten dieser Unterhaltung werden hier angezeigt.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.title": "Noch keine Nachrichten",
-  "blocks.chats.emptySearch": "Keine Unterhaltungen entsprechen deiner Suche.",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.allEmojis": "Alle Emojis",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.recentEmojis": "Kürzlich verwendet",
-  "blocks.chats.messagePlaceholder": "Nachricht schreiben…",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.delivered": "Zugestellt",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.failed": "Nicht gesendet",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.read": "Gelesen",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sending": "Wird gesendet",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sent": "Gesendet",
-  "blocks.chats.search": "Unterhaltungen suchen",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation": "Unterhaltung {title} auswählen",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation.description":
-    "Wähle eine Unterhaltung aus der Liste, um ihre Nachrichten zu lesen.",
-  "blocks.chats.title": "Chats",
-} as const satisfies ChatMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { ChatMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 export const messages = {
   "blocks.chats.actions.addFiles": "Add files",

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/es.ts

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-import type { ChatMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "es"
-export const languageTag = "es-ES"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addFiles": "Añadir archivos",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addEmoji": "Añadir emoji",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addImage": "Añadir imagen",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.backToConversations": "Volver a conversaciones",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.conversationDetails": "Detalles de la conversación",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.loadEarlier": "Cargar mensajes anteriores",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.removeAttachment": "Quitar {name}",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.retry": "Intentar de nuevo",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.send": "Enviar",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sendOnEnter": "Enviar con Intro",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sending": "Enviando…",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.description":
-    "Inicia una conversación para verla aquí.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.title": "No hay conversaciones",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.description":
-    "Los mensajes de esta conversación aparecerán aquí.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.title": "Aún no hay mensajes",
-  "blocks.chats.emptySearch":
-    "No hay conversaciones que coincidan con tu búsqueda.",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.allEmojis": "Todos los emojis",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.recentEmojis": "Usados recientemente",
-  "blocks.chats.messagePlaceholder": "Escribe un mensaje…",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.delivered": "Entregado",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.failed": "No enviado",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.read": "Leído",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sending": "Enviando",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sent": "Enviado",
-  "blocks.chats.search": "Buscar conversaciones",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation": "Seleccionar conversación {title}",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation.description":
-    "Elige una conversación de la lista para leer sus mensajes.",
-  "blocks.chats.title": "Chats",
-} as const satisfies ChatMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/fr.ts

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-import type { ChatMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "fr"
-export const languageTag = "fr-FR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addFiles": "Ajouter des fichiers",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addEmoji": "Ajouter un emoji",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addImage": "Ajouter une image",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.backToConversations": "Retour aux discussions",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.conversationDetails": "Détails de la discussion",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.loadEarlier": "Charger les messages précédents",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.removeAttachment": "Retirer {name}",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.retry": "Réessayer",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.send": "Envoyer",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sendOnEnter": "Envoyer avec Entrée",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sending": "Envoi…",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.description":
-    "Démarrez une discussion pour la voir ici.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.title": "Aucune discussion",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.description":
-    "Les messages de cette discussion apparaîtront ici.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.title": "Pas encore de messages",
-  "blocks.chats.emptySearch":
-    "Aucune discussion ne correspond à votre recherche.",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.allEmojis": "Tous les emojis",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.recentEmojis": "Récemment utilisés",
-  "blocks.chats.messagePlaceholder": "Écrivez un message…",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.delivered": "Distribué",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.failed": "Non envoyé",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.read": "Lu",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sending": "Envoi",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sent": "Envoyé",
-  "blocks.chats.search": "Rechercher des discussions",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation": "Sélectionner la discussion {title}",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation.description":
-    "Choisissez une discussion dans la liste pour lire ses messages.",
-  "blocks.chats.title": "Discussions",
-} as const satisfies ChatMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/ja.ts

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-import type { ChatMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ja"
-export const languageTag = "ja-JP"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addFiles": "ファイルを追加",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addEmoji": "絵文字を追加",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addImage": "画像を追加",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.backToConversations": "会話一覧に戻る",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.conversationDetails": "会話の詳細",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.loadEarlier": "以前のメッセージを読み込む",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.removeAttachment": "{name} を削除",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.retry": "再試行",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.send": "送信",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sendOnEnter": "Enter キーで送信",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sending": "送信中…",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.description":
-    "会話を始めると、ここに表示されます。",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.title": "会話はありません",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.description":
-    "この会話のメッセージはここに表示されます。",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.title": "メッセージはまだありません",
-  "blocks.chats.emptySearch": "検索に一致する会話はありません。",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.allEmojis": "すべての絵文字",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.recentEmojis": "最近使用した絵文字",
-  "blocks.chats.messagePlaceholder": "メッセージを入力…",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.delivered": "配信済み",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.failed": "未送信",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.read": "既読",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sending": "送信中",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sent": "送信済み",
-  "blocks.chats.search": "会話を検索",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation": "会話 {title} を選択",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation.description":
-    "一覧から会話を選択してメッセージを読みます。",
-  "blocks.chats.title": "チャット",
-} as const satisfies ChatMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/ko.ts

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-import type { ChatMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ko"
-export const languageTag = "ko-KR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addFiles": "파일 추가",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addEmoji": "이모지 추가",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addImage": "이미지 추가",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.backToConversations": "대화 목록으로 돌아가기",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.conversationDetails": "대화 세부 정보",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.loadEarlier": "이전 메시지 불러오기",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.removeAttachment": "{name} 제거",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.retry": "다시 시도",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.send": "보내기",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sendOnEnter": "Enter 키로 전송",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sending": "보내는 중…",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.description":
-    "대화를 시작하면 여기에 표시됩니다.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.title": "대화가 없습니다",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.description":
-    "이 대화의 메시지가 여기에 표시됩니다.",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.title": "아직 메시지가 없습니다",
-  "blocks.chats.emptySearch": "검색과 일치하는 대화가 없습니다.",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.allEmojis": "모든 이모지",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.recentEmojis": "최근 사용",
-  "blocks.chats.messagePlaceholder": "메시지 작성…",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.delivered": "전달됨",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.failed": "전송되지 않음",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.read": "읽음",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sending": "보내는 중",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sent": "보냄",
-  "blocks.chats.search": "대화 검색",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation": "대화 {title} 선택",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation.description":
-    "목록에서 대화를 선택하여 메시지를 읽으세요.",
-  "blocks.chats.title": "채팅",
-} as const satisfies ChatMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/chats/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-import type { ChatMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "zh-Hant"
-export const languageTag = "zh-TW"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addFiles": "新增檔案",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addEmoji": "新增表情",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.addImage": "新增圖片",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.backToConversations": "返回對話列表",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.conversationDetails": "對話詳細資料",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.loadEarlier": "載入較早訊息",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.removeAttachment": "移除 {name}",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.retry": "再試一次",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.send": "傳送",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sendOnEnter": "按 Enter 傳送",
-  "blocks.chats.actions.sending": "傳送中…",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.description": "開始對話後會顯示在這裡。",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyConversations.title": "沒有對話",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.description": "此對話的訊息會顯示在這裡。",
-  "blocks.chats.emptyMessages.title": "尚無訊息",
-  "blocks.chats.emptySearch": "沒有符合搜尋條件的對話。",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.allEmojis": "所有表情",
-  "blocks.chats.emojiPicker.recentEmojis": "最近使用",
-  "blocks.chats.messagePlaceholder": "輸入訊息…",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.delivered": "已送達",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.failed": "未傳送",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.read": "已讀",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sending": "傳送中",
-  "blocks.chats.messageStatus.sent": "已傳送",
-  "blocks.chats.search": "搜尋對話",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation": "選取對話 {title}",
-  "blocks.chats.selectConversation.description": "從列表中選取對話以閱讀訊息。",
-  "blocks.chats.title": "聊天",
-} as const satisfies ChatMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/catalogs.test.ts

@@ -3,27 +3,15 @@ import { describe, it } from "vitest"
 import { expectCompleteCatalogs } from "../../../i18n/test-catalogs"
 import { layoutMessages } from "../messages"
 import { layoutCatalogLocales } from "./catalogs"
-import { messages as de } from "./de"
-import { messages as en } from "./en"
-import { messages as es } from "./es"
-import { messages as fr } from "./fr"
-import { messages as ja } from "./ja"
-import { messages as ko } from "./ko"
+import { messages as enUS } from "./en-US"
 import { messages as zhHans } from "./zh-Hans"
-import { messages as zhHant } from "./zh-Hant"
 
 describe("layout locale catalogs", () => {
   it("ship every layout message in every built-in locale", () => {
     expectCompleteCatalogs({
       catalogs: {
-        de,
-        en,
-        es,
-        fr,
-        ja,
-        ko,
+        "en-US": enUS,
         "zh-Hans": zhHans,
-        "zh-Hant": zhHant,
       },
       locales: layoutCatalogLocales,
       messageIds: Object.values(layoutMessages).map(

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/de.ts

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import type { LayoutMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "de"
-export const languageTag = "de-DE"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.breadcrumb.menuLabel": "Breadcrumb-Menü öffnen",
-  "blocks.refresh.description": "Daten der aktuellen Seite aktualisieren",
-  "blocks.refresh.label": "Aktuelle Seitendaten aktualisieren",
-  "blocks.userMenu.accountPassword": "Kontopasswort",
-  "blocks.userMenu.appearance": "Darstellung",
-  "blocks.userMenu.keybindings": "Tastenkürzel",
-  "blocks.userMenu.logout": "Abmelden",
-  "blocks.userMenu.open": "Benutzermenü öffnen",
-  "blocks.userMenu.title": "Benutzermenü",
-} as const satisfies LayoutMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { LayoutMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 export const messages = {
   "blocks.breadcrumb.menuLabel": "Open breadcrumb menu",

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/es.ts

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import type { LayoutMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "es"
-export const languageTag = "es-ES"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.breadcrumb.menuLabel": "Abrir el menú de ruta de navegación",
-  "blocks.refresh.description": "Actualizar los datos de la página actual",
-  "blocks.refresh.label": "Actualizar datos de la página actual",
-  "blocks.userMenu.accountPassword": "Contraseña de la cuenta",
-  "blocks.userMenu.appearance": "Apariencia",
-  "blocks.userMenu.keybindings": "Atajos de teclado",
-  "blocks.userMenu.logout": "Cerrar sesión",
-  "blocks.userMenu.open": "Abrir menú de usuario",
-  "blocks.userMenu.title": "Menú de usuario",
-} as const satisfies LayoutMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/fr.ts

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import type { LayoutMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "fr"
-export const languageTag = "fr-FR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.breadcrumb.menuLabel": "Ouvrir le menu du fil d’Ariane",
-  "blocks.refresh.description": "Actualiser les données de la page actuelle",
-  "blocks.refresh.label": "Actualiser les données de la page",
-  "blocks.userMenu.accountPassword": "Mot de passe du compte",
-  "blocks.userMenu.appearance": "Apparence",
-  "blocks.userMenu.keybindings": "Raccourcis clavier",
-  "blocks.userMenu.logout": "Se déconnecter",
-  "blocks.userMenu.open": "Ouvrir le menu utilisateur",
-  "blocks.userMenu.title": "Menu utilisateur",
-} as const satisfies LayoutMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/ja.ts

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import type { LayoutMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ja"
-export const languageTag = "ja-JP"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.breadcrumb.menuLabel": "パンくずメニューを開く",
-  "blocks.refresh.description": "現在のページのデータを更新します",
-  "blocks.refresh.label": "現在のページを更新",
-  "blocks.userMenu.accountPassword": "アカウントのパスワード",
-  "blocks.userMenu.appearance": "外観",
-  "blocks.userMenu.keybindings": "キーバインド",
-  "blocks.userMenu.logout": "ログアウト",
-  "blocks.userMenu.open": "ユーザーメニューを開く",
-  "blocks.userMenu.title": "ユーザーメニュー",
-} as const satisfies LayoutMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/ko.ts

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import type { LayoutMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ko"
-export const languageTag = "ko-KR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.breadcrumb.menuLabel": "이동 경로 메뉴 열기",
-  "blocks.refresh.description": "현재 페이지 데이터를 새로 고칩니다",
-  "blocks.refresh.label": "현재 페이지 데이터 새로 고침",
-  "blocks.userMenu.accountPassword": "계정 비밀번호",
-  "blocks.userMenu.appearance": "화면 모양",
-  "blocks.userMenu.keybindings": "키 바인딩",
-  "blocks.userMenu.logout": "로그아웃",
-  "blocks.userMenu.open": "사용자 메뉴 열기",
-  "blocks.userMenu.title": "사용자 메뉴",
-} as const satisfies LayoutMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/layout/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-import type { LayoutMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "zh-Hant"
-export const languageTag = "zh-TW"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.breadcrumb.menuLabel": "開啟麵包屑選單",
-  "blocks.refresh.description": "重新整理目前頁面的資料",
-  "blocks.refresh.label": "重新整理目前頁面資料",
-  "blocks.userMenu.accountPassword": "帳號密碼",
-  "blocks.userMenu.appearance": "介面外觀",
-  "blocks.userMenu.keybindings": "按鍵綁定",
-  "blocks.userMenu.logout": "登出",
-  "blocks.userMenu.open": "開啟使用者選單",
-  "blocks.userMenu.title": "使用者選單",
-} as const satisfies LayoutMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/media/locales/catalogs.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { describe, it } from "vitest"
+
+import { expectCompleteCatalogs } from "../../../i18n/test-catalogs"
+import { mediaMessages } from "../messages"
+import { mediaCatalogLocales } from "./catalogs"
+import { messages as enUS } from "./en-US"
+import { messages as zhHans } from "./zh-Hans"
+
+describe("media locale catalogs", () => {
+  it("ships every media message in every built-in locale", () => {
+    expectCompleteCatalogs({
+      catalogs: {
+        "en-US": enUS,
+        "zh-Hans": zhHans,
+      },
+      locales: mediaCatalogLocales,
+      messageIds: Object.values(mediaMessages).map(
+        (descriptor) => descriptor.id
+      ),
+    })
+  })
+})

packages/blocks/src/blocks/media/locales/catalogs.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,10 @@
 import type { mediaMessages } from "../messages"
-import type { BlockMessageCatalog } from "../../../i18n/catalogs"
+import {
+  blockCatalogLocales,
+  type BlockCatalogLocale,
+  type BlockMessageCatalog,
+} from "../../../i18n/catalogs"
 
+export { blockCatalogLocales as mediaCatalogLocales }
+export type MediaCatalogLocale = BlockCatalogLocale
 export type MediaMessageCatalog = BlockMessageCatalog<typeof mediaMessages>

packages/blocks/src/blocks/media/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { MediaMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 export const messages = {
   "blocks.media.actions.cancel": "Cancel",
@@ -21,10 +21,13 @@ export const messages = {
   "blocks.media.actions.unfavorite": "Unfavorite",
   "blocks.media.actions.upload": "Upload",
   "blocks.media.actions.viewOriginal": "View original",
-  "blocks.media.copy.failed": "Copy failed. Check browser clipboard permissions.",
-  "blocks.media.deleteAsset.description": "This media item will no longer appear in the library.",
+  "blocks.media.copy.failed":
+    "Copy failed. Check browser clipboard permissions.",
+  "blocks.media.deleteAsset.description":
+    "This media item will no longer appear in the library.",
   "blocks.media.deleteAsset.title": "Delete media",
-  "blocks.media.deleteFolder.description": "This folder and its child folders will be deleted. Their media items will become unclassified.",
+  "blocks.media.deleteFolder.description":
+    "This folder and its child folders will be deleted. Their media items will become unclassified.",
   "blocks.media.deleteFolder.title": "Delete folder",
   "blocks.media.details.dimensions": "Dimensions",
   "blocks.media.details.fileName": "File name",
@@ -32,7 +35,8 @@ export const messages = {
   "blocks.media.details.size": "Size",
   "blocks.media.details.type": "Type",
   "blocks.media.details.uploadedAt": "Uploaded",
-  "blocks.media.empty.description": "Upload images or videos to manage them here.",
+  "blocks.media.empty.description":
+    "Upload images or videos to manage them here.",
   "blocks.media.empty.title": "No media",
   "blocks.media.emptySearch.description": "No media files match your search.",
   "blocks.media.filters.all": "All media",
@@ -40,7 +44,8 @@ export const messages = {
   "blocks.media.filters.image": "Images",
   "blocks.media.filters.unclassified": "Unclassified",
   "blocks.media.filters.video": "Videos",
-  "blocks.media.folders.classification": "Folders only organize media in this library and do not change file URLs.",
+  "blocks.media.folders.classification":
+    "Folders only organize media in this library and do not change file URLs.",
   "blocks.media.folders.create": "New folder",
   "blocks.media.folders.empty": "No folders yet. Create one.",
   "blocks.media.folders.name": "Folder name",
@@ -50,11 +55,13 @@ export const messages = {
   "blocks.media.folders.title": "Folders",
   "blocks.media.load.error": "Unable to load media",
   "blocks.media.loading": "Loading media…",
-  "blocks.media.picker.description": "Choose an uploaded image or video from the media library.",
+  "blocks.media.picker.description":
+    "Choose an uploaded image or video from the media library.",
   "blocks.media.picker.selectedCount": "{count} selected",
   "blocks.media.picker.title": "Select media",
   "blocks.media.picker.useSelected": "Use selected media",
-  "blocks.media.renameMedia.description": "This changes the display name without changing the file or its URL.",
+  "blocks.media.renameMedia.description":
+    "This changes the display name without changing the file or its URL.",
   "blocks.media.renameMedia.title": "Rename media",
   "blocks.media.search": "Search media files",
   "blocks.media.title": "Media library",

packages/blocks/src/blocks/media/media.test.tsx

@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ function MediaTestProvider({
   children: ReactNode
 }) {
   return (
-    <I18nProvider locale="en">
+    <I18nProvider locale="en-US">
       <MediaProvider adapter={adapter}>{children}</MediaProvider>
     </I18nProvider>
   )

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/catalogs.test.ts

@@ -3,27 +3,15 @@ import { describe, it } from "vitest"
 import { expectCompleteCatalogs } from "../../../i18n/test-catalogs"
 import { navigationMessages } from "../messages"
 import { navigationCatalogLocales } from "./catalogs"
-import { messages as de } from "./de"
-import { messages as en } from "./en"
-import { messages as es } from "./es"
-import { messages as fr } from "./fr"
-import { messages as ja } from "./ja"
-import { messages as ko } from "./ko"
+import { messages as enUS } from "./en-US"
 import { messages as zhHans } from "./zh-Hans"
-import { messages as zhHant } from "./zh-Hant"
 
 describe("navigation locale catalogs", () => {
   it("ship every navigation message in every built-in locale", () => {
     expectCompleteCatalogs({
       catalogs: {
-        de,
-        en,
-        es,
-        fr,
-        ja,
-        ko,
+        "en-US": enUS,
         "zh-Hans": zhHans,
-        "zh-Hant": zhHant,
       },
       locales: navigationCatalogLocales,
       messageIds: Object.values(navigationMessages).map(

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/de.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import type { NavigationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "de"
-export const languageTag = "de-DE"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.navigation.description": "Durch die Anwendung navigieren.",
-  "blocks.navigation.open": "Navigation öffnen",
-  "blocks.navigation.title": "Navigation",
-} as const satisfies NavigationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { NavigationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 export const messages = {
   "blocks.navigation.description": "Navigate through the app.",

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/es.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import type { NavigationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "es"
-export const languageTag = "es-ES"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.navigation.description": "Navega por la aplicación.",
-  "blocks.navigation.open": "Abrir navegación",
-  "blocks.navigation.title": "Navegación",
-} as const satisfies NavigationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/fr.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import type { NavigationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "fr"
-export const languageTag = "fr-FR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.navigation.description": "Naviguez dans l’application.",
-  "blocks.navigation.open": "Ouvrir la navigation",
-  "blocks.navigation.title": "Navigation",
-} as const satisfies NavigationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/ja.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import type { NavigationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ja"
-export const languageTag = "ja-JP"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.navigation.description": "アプリ内のページを移動します。",
-  "blocks.navigation.open": "ナビゲーションを開く",
-  "blocks.navigation.title": "ナビゲーション",
-} as const satisfies NavigationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/ko.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import type { NavigationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ko"
-export const languageTag = "ko-KR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.navigation.description": "앱의 페이지를 탐색합니다.",
-  "blocks.navigation.open": "탐색 메뉴 열기",
-  "blocks.navigation.title": "탐색",
-} as const satisfies NavigationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/navigation/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-import type { NavigationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "zh-Hant"
-export const languageTag = "zh-TW"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.navigation.description": "瀏覽應用程式中的頁面。",
-  "blocks.navigation.open": "開啟導覽",
-  "blocks.navigation.title": "導覽",
-} as const satisfies NavigationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/catalogs.test.ts

@@ -3,27 +3,15 @@ import { describe, it } from "vitest"
 import { expectCompleteCatalogs } from "../../../i18n/test-catalogs"
 import { notificationMessages } from "../messages"
 import { notificationCatalogLocales } from "./catalogs"
-import { messages as de } from "./de"
-import { messages as en } from "./en"
-import { messages as es } from "./es"
-import { messages as fr } from "./fr"
-import { messages as ja } from "./ja"
-import { messages as ko } from "./ko"
+import { messages as enUS } from "./en-US"
 import { messages as zhHans } from "./zh-Hans"
-import { messages as zhHant } from "./zh-Hant"
 
 describe("notification locale catalogs", () => {
   it("ship every notification message in every built-in locale", () => {
     expectCompleteCatalogs({
       catalogs: {
-        de,
-        en,
-        es,
-        fr,
-        ja,
-        ko,
+        "en-US": enUS,
         "zh-Hans": zhHans,
-        "zh-Hant": zhHant,
       },
       locales: notificationCatalogLocales,
       messageIds: Object.values(notificationMessages).map(

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/de.ts

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-import type { NotificationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "de"
-export const languageTag = "de-DE"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.notifications.description":
-    "Benachrichtigungen anzeigen und verwalten",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.description":
-    "Neue Aktivitäten werden hier angezeigt.",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.title": "Keine Benachrichtigungen",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.description":
-    "Überprüfen Sie Ihre Netzwerkverbindung und versuchen Sie es erneut.",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.title":
-    "Benachrichtigungen konnten nicht geladen werden",
-  "blocks.notifications.justNow": "gerade eben",
-  "blocks.notifications.loading": "Benachrichtigungen werden geladen…",
-  "blocks.notifications.markAllAsRead": "Alle als gelesen markieren",
-  "blocks.notifications.retry": "Erneut versuchen",
-  "blocks.notifications.title": "Benachrichtigungen",
-  "blocks.notifications.viewAll": "Alle anzeigen",
-} as const satisfies NotificationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { NotificationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 export const messages = {
   "blocks.notifications.description": "View and manage notifications",

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/es.ts

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-import type { NotificationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "es"
-export const languageTag = "es-ES"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.notifications.description": "Ver y gestionar notificaciones",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.description":
-    "La actividad nueva aparecerá aquí.",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.title": "No hay notificaciones",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.description":
-    "Comprueba la conexión de red e inténtalo de nuevo.",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.title":
-    "No se pudieron cargar las notificaciones",
-  "blocks.notifications.justNow": "ahora mismo",
-  "blocks.notifications.loading": "Cargando notificaciones…",
-  "blocks.notifications.markAllAsRead": "Marcar todo como leído",
-  "blocks.notifications.retry": "Intentar de nuevo",
-  "blocks.notifications.title": "Notificaciones",
-  "blocks.notifications.viewAll": "Ver todo",
-} as const satisfies NotificationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/fr.ts

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-import type { NotificationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "fr"
-export const languageTag = "fr-FR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.notifications.description": "Afficher et gérer les notifications",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.description":
-    "Les nouvelles activités apparaîtront ici.",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.title": "Aucune notification",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.description":
-    "Vérifiez votre connexion réseau et réessayez.",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.title": "Impossible de charger les notifications",
-  "blocks.notifications.justNow": "à l’instant",
-  "blocks.notifications.loading": "Chargement des notifications…",
-  "blocks.notifications.markAllAsRead": "Tout marquer comme lu",
-  "blocks.notifications.retry": "Réessayer",
-  "blocks.notifications.title": "Notifications",
-  "blocks.notifications.viewAll": "Tout afficher",
-} as const satisfies NotificationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/ja.ts

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-import type { NotificationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ja"
-export const languageTag = "ja-JP"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.notifications.description": "通知を表示・管理します",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.description":
-    "新しいアクティビティがここに表示されます。",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.title": "通知はありません",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.description":
-    "ネットワーク接続を確認して、もう一度お試しください。",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.title": "通知を読み込めませんでした",
-  "blocks.notifications.justNow": "たった今",
-  "blocks.notifications.loading": "通知を読み込み中…",
-  "blocks.notifications.markAllAsRead": "すべて既読にする",
-  "blocks.notifications.retry": "再試行",
-  "blocks.notifications.title": "通知",
-  "blocks.notifications.viewAll": "すべて表示",
-} as const satisfies NotificationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/ko.ts

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-import type { NotificationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ko"
-export const languageTag = "ko-KR"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.notifications.description": "알림 보기 및 관리",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.description": "새 활동이 여기에 표시됩니다.",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.title": "알림 없음",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.description":
-    "네트워크 연결을 확인한 후 다시 시도하세요.",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.title": "알림을 불러올 수 없음",
-  "blocks.notifications.justNow": "방금",
-  "blocks.notifications.loading": "알림 불러오는 중…",
-  "blocks.notifications.markAllAsRead": "모두 읽음으로 표시",
-  "blocks.notifications.retry": "다시 시도",
-  "blocks.notifications.title": "알림",
-  "blocks.notifications.viewAll": "모두 보기",
-} as const satisfies NotificationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/blocks/notifications/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-import type { NotificationMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "zh-Hant"
-export const languageTag = "zh-TW"
-export const messages = {
-  "blocks.notifications.description": "檢視並管理通知",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.description": "新的動態會顯示在這裡。",
-  "blocks.notifications.empty.title": "沒有通知",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.description": "請檢查網路連線後再試一次。",
-  "blocks.notifications.error.title": "無法載入通知",
-  "blocks.notifications.justNow": "剛剛",
-  "blocks.notifications.loading": "正在載入通知…",
-  "blocks.notifications.markAllAsRead": "全部標示為已讀",
-  "blocks.notifications.retry": "再試一次",
-  "blocks.notifications.title": "通知",
-  "blocks.notifications.viewAll": "檢視全部",
-} as const satisfies NotificationMessageCatalog

packages/blocks/src/i18n/catalogs.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-export const blockCatalogLocales = [
-  "de",
-  "en",
-  "es",
-  "fr",
-  "ja",
-  "ko",
-  "zh-Hans",
-  "zh-Hant",
-] as const
+export const blockCatalogLocales = ["en-US", "zh-Hans"] as const
 
 interface MessageDescriptorMap {
   readonly [key: string]: {

packages/blocks/src/i18n/test-catalogs.ts

@@ -11,9 +11,13 @@ export function expectCompleteCatalogs({
 }) {
   expect(Object.keys(catalogs)).toEqual([...locales])
 
-  const expectedIds = [...messageIds].sort()
+  // ES2022 compatibility: copy before sorting so the input remains immutable.
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-array-sort
+  const expectedIds = Array.from(messageIds).sort()
 
   for (const messages of Object.values(catalogs)) {
+    // Object.keys returns a fresh array.
+    // oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-array-sort
     expect(Object.keys(messages).sort()).toEqual(expectedIds)
   }
 }

packages/i18n/README.md

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ Create `i18n.config.json` in that application:
 
 ```json
 {
-  "sourceLocale": "en",
-  "locales": ["en", "zh-Hans"],
+  "sourceLocale": "en-US",
+  "locales": ["en-US", "zh-Hans"],
   "catalogPath": "src/locales/{locale}/messages",
   "catalogSources": [
     "@workspace/ui/locales/{locale}",
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ function Root({
     <I18nProvider
       locale={locale}
       locales={[
-        { locale: "en", label: "English" },
+        { locale: "en-US", label: "English" },
         { locale: "zh-Hans", label: "简体中文" },
       ]}
       catalogs={{ [locale]: messages }}
@@ -126,22 +126,22 @@ function Greeting() {
 }
 ```
 
-`@workspace/ui` and every `@workspace/blocks` block provide `de`, `en`, `es`,
-`fr`, `ja`, `ko`, `zh-Hans`, and `zh-Hant` as independent locale subpaths.
-Import only the blocks and languages enabled by the application:
+`@workspace/ui`, `@workspace/lexical`, and every `@workspace/blocks` block
+provide only `en-US` and `zh-Hans` as independent locale subpaths. Import only
+the blocks and language enabled by the application:
 
 ```ts
 import {
   calendarLocale,
-  messages as uiJapanese,
-} from "@workspace/ui/locales/ja"
-import { messages as navigationJapanese } from "@workspace/blocks/navigation/locales/ja"
+  messages as uiEnglish,
+} from "@workspace/ui/locales/en-US"
+import { messages as navigationEnglish } from "@workspace/blocks/navigation/locales/en-US"
 ```
 
 The UI root `locales` entry and each block-specific `locales` entry export
 metadata and types only. They do not statically import catalogs. For example,
 using `@workspace/blocks/navigation` and
-`@workspace/blocks/navigation/locales/ja` does not import appearance, chats,
+`@workspace/blocks/navigation/locales/en-US` does not import appearance, chats,
 layout, notifications, or their translations. The UI locale entry also
 exposes its matching `react-day-picker` `calendarLocale`.
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ and available locales from the provider, while the Vite `i18n()` plugin serves
 catalog reads, updates, extraction, and compilation.
 
 ```tsx
-<I18nProvider locale="zh-Hans" locales={["en", "zh-Hans"]}>
+<I18nProvider locale="zh-Hans" locales={["en-US", "zh-Hans"]}>
   <App />
   {import.meta.env.DEV && <I18nDevtool dark={"ui\\:dark"} />}
 </I18nProvider>
@@ -205,8 +205,7 @@ Pass a BCP 47 language tag with `locale` to select it explicitly:
 
 When `locale` is omitted, the Devtool selects the first supported entry from
 `navigator.languages` and falls back to English. Built-in control-panel
-locales are English, German, Spanish, French, Japanese, Korean, Simplified
-Chinese, and Traditional Chinese.
+locales are English (`en-US`) and Simplified Chinese (`zh-Hans`).
 
 Lower-level `MessagePanel`, `MessageRepositoryProvider`, and repository types
 remain available from `@workspace/i18n/devtool`.
@@ -222,7 +221,6 @@ Run inside the consuming application so the CLI discovers that application's
 `i18n.config.json`:
 
 ```sh
-bun run i18n new ja
 bun run i18n extract
 bun run i18n compile
 bun run i18n ui
@@ -249,4 +247,4 @@ bun run i18n:compile
 
 The application's `i18n.config.json` is the single machine-editable source of
 truth. Runtime catalog access, Devtool actions, extraction, and compilation all
-derive their Lingui configuration from it.
+derive their Lingui configuration from it.

packages/i18n/src/build/catalog-sources.test.ts

@@ -26,33 +26,39 @@ async function createProject() {
     catalogPath: "app/{locale}/messages",
     catalogSources: ["./dependency/{locale}.js"],
     include: ["src"],
-    locales: ["en", "zh-Hans"],
-    sourceLocale: "en",
+    locales: ["en-US", "zh-Hans"],
+    sourceLocale: "en-US",
   }
 
   temporaryDirectories.push(projectRoot)
 
-  for (const locale of project.locales) {
-    const dependencyDirectory = join(projectRoot, "dependency")
-    const applicationDirectory = join(projectRoot, "app", locale)
+  await Promise.all(
+    project.locales.map(async (locale) => {
+      const dependencyDirectory = join(projectRoot, "dependency")
+      const applicationDirectory = join(projectRoot, "app", locale)
 
-    await mkdir(dependencyDirectory, { recursive: true })
-    await mkdir(applicationDirectory, { recursive: true })
-    await writeFile(
-      join(dependencyDirectory, `${locale}.js`),
-      `export const messages = ${JSON.stringify({
-        dependency: `${locale}: dependency`,
-        overridden: `${locale}: dependency`,
-      })}\n`
-    )
-    await writeFile(
-      join(applicationDirectory, "messages.js"),
-      `export const messages = ${JSON.stringify({
-        application: `${locale}: application`,
-        overridden: `${locale}: application`,
-      })}\n`
-    )
-  }
+      await Promise.all([
+        mkdir(dependencyDirectory, { recursive: true }),
+        mkdir(applicationDirectory, { recursive: true }),
+      ])
+      await Promise.all([
+        writeFile(
+          join(dependencyDirectory, `${locale}.js`),
+          `export const messages = ${JSON.stringify({
+            dependency: `${locale}: dependency`,
+            overridden: `${locale}: dependency`,
+          })}\n`
+        ),
+        writeFile(
+          join(applicationDirectory, "messages.js"),
+          `export const messages = ${JSON.stringify({
+            application: `${locale}: application`,
+            overridden: `${locale}: application`,
+          })}\n`
+        ),
+      ])
+    })
+  )
 
   return { project, projectRoot }
 }
@@ -63,12 +69,12 @@ describe("production catalog sources", () => {
     const filenames = await resolveCatalogSourceFilenames(
       project,
       projectRoot,
-      "en"
+      "en-US"
     )
 
     expect(filenames).toEqual([
-      join(projectRoot, "dependency", "en.js"),
-      join(projectRoot, "app", "en", "messages.js"),
+      join(projectRoot, "dependency", "en-US.js"),
+      join(projectRoot, "app", "en-US", "messages.js"),
     ])
   })
 
@@ -76,10 +82,10 @@ describe("production catalog sources", () => {
     const { project, projectRoot } = await createProject()
     const { catalogs } = await loadProjectCatalogs(project, projectRoot)
 
-    expect(catalogs.en).toEqual({
-      application: "en: application",
-      dependency: "en: dependency",
-      overridden: "en: application",
+    expect(catalogs["en-US"]).toEqual({
+      application: "en-US: application",
+      dependency: "en-US: dependency",
+      overridden: "en-US: application",
     })
     expect(catalogs["zh-Hans"]).toEqual({
       application: "zh-Hans: application",

packages/i18n/src/build/catalog-sources.ts

@@ -30,12 +30,10 @@ export async function resolveCompiledCatalogFilename(
     ? pathname
     : resolve(projectRoot, pathname)
   const candidates = [baseFilename, `${baseFilename}.ts`, `${baseFilename}.js`]
+  const availability = await Promise.all(candidates.map(fileExists))
+  const candidate = candidates.find((_, index) => availability[index])
 
-  for (const candidate of candidates) {
-    if (await fileExists(candidate)) {
-      return candidate
-    }
-  }
+  if (candidate) return candidate
 
   throw new Error(
     `Compiled i18n catalog not found for ${locale}: ${baseFilename}.{ts,js}. Run the i18n compile command before building.`

packages/i18n/src/build/production-catalogs.ts

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ export function createMessageIdSchema(
 ): MessageIdSchema {
   const ids = Array.from(
     new Set(Object.values(catalogs).flatMap((catalog) => Object.keys(catalog)))
-  ).sort()
+  )
+  ids.sort()
   const messages: Record<string, string> = {}
   const idsByHash = new Map<string, string>()
 

packages/i18n/src/cli/api-plugin.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from "node:http"
-import type { ViteDevServer } from "vite"
+import type { Connect, ViteDevServer } from "vite"
 
 import type { UpdateMessageInput } from "../devtool/types"
 import { CatalogService } from "./catalog-service.ts"
@@ -43,94 +43,93 @@ export function configureI18nApi(
   server: ViteDevServer,
   projectFilename: string
 ) {
-  server.middlewares.use(async (request, response, next) => {
-    if (!request.url) {
-      next()
-      return
-    }
-
-    const url = new URL(request.url, "http://localhost")
-
-    if (!url.pathname.startsWith(API_PREFIX)) {
-      next()
-      return
-    }
-
-    try {
-      if (
-        request.method === "GET" &&
-        url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/project`
-      ) {
-        const project = await readProject(projectFilename)
-        sendJson(response, 200, project)
-        return
-      }
-
-      if (
-        request.method === "GET" &&
-        url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/messages`
-      ) {
-        const locale = url.searchParams.get("locale")
-
-        if (!locale) {
-          sendJson(response, 400, { error: "locale is required." })
-          return
-        }
-
-        const service = new CatalogService(projectFilename)
-        sendJson(response, 200, await service.getMessages(locale))
-        return
-      }
-
-      if (
-        request.method === "GET" &&
-        url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/packages`
-      ) {
-        const service = new CatalogService(projectFilename)
-        sendJson(response, 200, await service.getPackages())
-        return
-      }
-
-      if (
-        request.method === "PUT" &&
-        url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/messages`
-      ) {
-        const input = await readJsonBody(request)
-
-        if (!isUpdateMessageInput(input)) {
-          sendJson(response, 400, {
-            error: "The message update payload is invalid.",
-          })
-          return
-        }
-
-        const service = new CatalogService(projectFilename)
-        sendJson(response, 200, await service.updateMessage(input))
-        return
-      }
-
-      if (
-        request.method === "POST" &&
-        url.pathname.startsWith(`${API_PREFIX}/actions/`)
-      ) {
-        const action = url.pathname.slice(`${API_PREFIX}/actions/`.length)
-
-        if (action !== "extract" && action !== "compile") {
-          sendJson(response, 404, { error: "Unknown action." })
-          return
-        }
-
-        const result = await runProjectLinguiCommand(projectFilename, action)
-        sendJson(response, 200, result)
-        return
-      }
-
-      sendJson(response, 404, { error: "Not found." })
-    } catch (error) {
-      sendJson(response, 500, {
-        error:
-          error instanceof Error ? error.message : "An unknown error occurred.",
-      })
-    }
+  server.middlewares.use((request, response, next) => {
+    void handleI18nApiRequest(request, response, next, projectFilename).catch(
+      next
+    )
   })
 }
+
+async function handleI18nApiRequest(
+  request: IncomingMessage,
+  response: ServerResponse,
+  next: Connect.NextFunction,
+  projectFilename: string
+) {
+  if (!request.url) {
+    next()
+    return
+  }
+
+  const url = new URL(request.url, "http://localhost")
+
+  if (!url.pathname.startsWith(API_PREFIX)) {
+    next()
+    return
+  }
+
+  try {
+    if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/project`) {
+      const project = await readProject(projectFilename)
+      sendJson(response, 200, project)
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/messages`) {
+      const locale = url.searchParams.get("locale")
+
+      if (!locale) {
+        sendJson(response, 400, { error: "locale is required." })
+        return
+      }
+
+      const service = new CatalogService(projectFilename)
+      sendJson(response, 200, await service.getMessages(locale))
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (request.method === "GET" && url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/packages`) {
+      const service = new CatalogService(projectFilename)
+      sendJson(response, 200, await service.getPackages())
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (request.method === "PUT" && url.pathname === `${API_PREFIX}/messages`) {
+      const input = await readJsonBody(request)
+
+      if (!isUpdateMessageInput(input)) {
+        sendJson(response, 400, {
+          error: "The message update payload is invalid.",
+        })
+        return
+      }
+
+      const service = new CatalogService(projectFilename)
+      sendJson(response, 200, await service.updateMessage(input))
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (
+      request.method === "POST" &&
+      url.pathname.startsWith(`${API_PREFIX}/actions/`)
+    ) {
+      const action = url.pathname.slice(`${API_PREFIX}/actions/`.length)
+
+      if (action !== "extract" && action !== "compile") {
+        sendJson(response, 404, { error: "Unknown action." })
+        return
+      }
+
+      const result = await runProjectLinguiCommand(projectFilename, action)
+      sendJson(response, 200, result)
+      return
+    }
+
+    sendJson(response, 404, { error: "Not found." })
+  } catch (error) {
+    sendJson(response, 500, {
+      error:
+        error instanceof Error ? error.message : "An unknown error occurred.",
+    })
+  }
+}

packages/i18n/src/cli/catalog-service.test.ts

@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ describe("CatalogService", () => {
         {
           catalogPath: "locales/{locale}/messages",
           include: ["src"],
-          locales: ["en", "zh-Hans"],
-          sourceLocale: "en",
+          locales: ["en-US", "zh-Hans"],
+          sourceLocale: "en-US",
         },
         null,
         2
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe("CatalogService", () => {
       throw new Error("Expected a Lingui catalog.")
     }
 
-    await catalog.write("en", {
+    await catalog.write("en-US", {
       "dashboard.title": {
         comments: ["Dashboard heading"],
         message: "Dashboard",
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ describe("CatalogService", () => {
       'msgstr "数据看板"'
     )
 
-    const sourceMessages = await service.getMessages("en")
+    const sourceMessages = await service.getMessages("en-US")
     const applicationMessage = sourceMessages.find(
       (item) => item.id === "dashboard.title"
     )
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ describe("CatalogService", () => {
       service.updateMessage({
         catalog: applicationMessage?.catalog ?? "messages",
         id: "dashboard.title",
-        locale: "en",
+        locale: "en-US",
         translation: "Customized dashboard",
       })
     ).rejects.toThrow("must be changed in source code")
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ describe("CatalogService", () => {
     const customizedDependency = await service.updateMessage({
       catalog: dependencyMessage?.catalog ?? "messages",
       id: "ui.common.close",
-      locale: "en",
+      locale: "en-US",
       translation: "Dismiss",
     })
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ describe("CatalogService", () => {
       source: "Close",
       translation: "Dismiss",
     })
-    expect(await readFile(catalog.getFilename("en"), "utf8")).toContain(
+    expect(await readFile(catalog.getFilename("en-US"), "utf8")).toContain(
       'msgstr "Dismiss"'
     )
   })

packages/i18n/src/cli/catalog-service.ts

@@ -37,15 +37,16 @@ class PackageNameResolver {
   }
 
   async resolve(origins: MessageType["origin"] | undefined) {
-    for (const [filename] of origins ?? []) {
-      const packageName = await this.#findNearestPackageName(
-        dirname(resolve(this.#projectRoot, filename))
+    const packageNames = await Promise.all(
+      (origins ?? []).map(([filename]) =>
+        this.#findNearestPackageName(
+          dirname(resolve(this.#projectRoot, filename))
+        )
       )
+    )
+    const packageName = packageNames.find(Boolean)
 
-      if (packageName) {
-        return packageName
-      }
-    }
+    if (packageName) return packageName
 
     return this.#projectPackageName
   }
@@ -187,27 +188,28 @@ export class CatalogService {
           ...Object.keys(targetCatalog),
         ])
 
-        return Promise.all(
-          Array.from(ids)
-            .sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right))
-            .map(async (id) => {
-              const sourceEntry = sourceCatalog[id]
-              const targetEntry = targetCatalog[id]
-              const packageName = await packageNameResolver.resolve(
-                sourceEntry?.origin ?? targetEntry?.origin
-              )
+        const sortedIds = Array.from(ids)
+        sortedIds.sort((left, right) => left.localeCompare(right))
 
-              return toDevtoolMessage({
-                applicationPackageName,
-                catalog: key,
-                id,
-                locale,
-                packageName,
-                sourceEntry,
-                sourceLocale: config.sourceLocale,
-                targetEntry,
-              })
+        return Promise.all(
+          sortedIds.map(async (id) => {
+            const sourceEntry = sourceCatalog[id]
+            const targetEntry = targetCatalog[id]
+            const packageName = await packageNameResolver.resolve(
+              sourceEntry?.origin ?? targetEntry?.origin
+            )
+
+            return toDevtoolMessage({
+              applicationPackageName,
+              catalog: key,
+              id,
+              locale,
+              packageName,
+              sourceEntry,
+              sourceLocale: config.sourceLocale,
+              targetEntry,
             })
+          })
         )
       })
     )

packages/i18n/src/cli/lingui-command.test.ts

@@ -30,8 +30,8 @@ describe("runProjectLinguiCommand", () => {
         {
           catalogPath: "locales/{locale}/messages",
           include: ["src"],
-          locales: ["en"],
-          sourceLocale: "en",
+          locales: ["en-US"],
+          sourceLocale: "en-US",
         },
         null,
         2
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ describe("runProjectLinguiCommand", () => {
       throw new Error("Expected a Lingui catalog.")
     }
 
-    await catalog.write("en", {
+    await catalog.write("en-US", {
       greeting: {
         message: "Hello",
         translation: "Hello",
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ describe("runProjectLinguiCommand", () => {
     })
 
     const result = await runProjectLinguiCommand(projectFilename, "compile")
-    const compiledFilename = join(directory, "locales/en/messages.ts")
+    const compiledFilename = join(directory, "locales/en-US/messages.ts")
     const firstModifiedTime = (await stat(compiledFilename)).mtimeMs
 
     expect(result.output).toContain("Compiling message catalogs")

packages/i18n/src/cli/lingui-command.ts

@@ -83,24 +83,26 @@ async function readFileIfPresent(filename: string) {
 async function publishCompiledCatalogs(
   catalogs: readonly StagedCompiledCatalog[]
 ) {
-  for (const catalog of catalogs) {
-    const nextContent = await readFile(catalog.stagedOutputFilename, "utf8")
-    const currentContent = await readFileIfPresent(catalog.outputFilename)
+  await Promise.all(
+    catalogs.map(async (catalog) => {
+      const [nextContent, currentContent] = await Promise.all([
+        readFile(catalog.stagedOutputFilename, "utf8"),
+        readFileIfPresent(catalog.outputFilename),
+      ])
 
-    if (currentContent === nextContent) {
-      continue
-    }
+      if (currentContent === nextContent) return
 
-    await mkdir(dirname(catalog.outputFilename), { recursive: true })
-    await writeFile(catalog.outputFilename, nextContent, "utf8")
-  }
+      await mkdir(dirname(catalog.outputFilename), { recursive: true })
+      await writeFile(catalog.outputFilename, nextContent, "utf8")
+    })
+  )
 }
 
 async function runLinguiCommand(
   args: readonly string[],
   cwd: string
 ): Promise<LinguiCommandResult> {
-  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+  return new Promise((resolvePromise, reject) => {
     const child = spawn("node", [LINGUI_BIN, ...args], {
       cwd,
       env: process.env,
@@ -119,7 +121,7 @@ async function runLinguiCommand(
     child.on("error", reject)
     child.on("close", (code) => {
       if (code === 0) {
-        resolve({ output })
+        resolvePromise({ output })
         return
       }
 
@@ -170,7 +172,7 @@ export async function runProjectLinguiCommand(
           catalogs: projectConfig.catalogs?.map((catalog) =>
             typeof catalog === "string"
               ? catalog
-              : { ...catalog, path: stagedCatalogPath }
+              : Object.assign({}, catalog, { path: stagedCatalogPath })
           ),
         }
       : undefined),

packages/i18n/src/cli/project.test.ts

@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ describe("readProject", () => {
           "@workspace/blocks/navigation/locales/{locale}",
         ],
         include: ["src"],
-        locales: ["en", "zh-Hans"],
-        sourceLocale: "en",
+        locales: ["en-US", "zh-Hans"],
+        sourceLocale: "en-US",
       })}\n`
     )
 

packages/i18n/src/cli/project.ts

@@ -60,24 +60,16 @@ function validateProjectConfig(
   }
 }
 
-async function findInParents(startDirectory: string) {
-  let directory = resolve(startDirectory)
+async function findInParents(
+  startDirectory: string
+): Promise<string | undefined> {
+  const directory = resolve(startDirectory)
+  const candidate = join(directory, PROJECT_FILENAME)
 
-  while (true) {
-    const candidate = join(directory, PROJECT_FILENAME)
+  if (await fileExists(candidate)) return candidate
 
-    if (await fileExists(candidate)) {
-      return candidate
-    }
-
-    const parent = dirname(directory)
-
-    if (parent === directory) {
-      return undefined
-    }
-
-    directory = parent
-  }
+  const parent = dirname(directory)
+  return parent === directory ? undefined : findInParents(parent)
 }
 
 export async function resolveProjectFilename(

packages/i18n/src/config/lingui-config.test.ts

@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ describe("createLinguiConfig", () => {
         catalogSources: ["@workspace/ui/locales/{locale}"],
         exclude: ["**/*.test.ts"],
         include: ["src"],
-        locales: ["en", "zh-Hans"],
-        sourceLocale: "en",
+        locales: ["en-US", "zh-Hans"],
+        sourceLocale: "en-US",
       })
     ).toEqual({
       catalogs: [
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ describe("createLinguiConfig", () => {
           path: "<rootDir>/locales/{locale}/messages",
         },
       ],
-      locales: ["en", "zh-Hans"],
+      locales: ["en-US", "zh-Hans"],
       runtimeConfigModule: {
         Trans: ["@workspace/i18n", "Translate"],
       },
-      sourceLocale: "en",
+      sourceLocale: "en-US",
     })
   })
 
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ describe("createLinguiConfig", () => {
       {
         catalogPath: "locales/{locale}/messages",
         include: ["src"],
-        locales: ["en"],
-        sourceLocale: "en",
+        locales: ["en-US"],
+        sourceLocale: "en-US",
       },
       "/workspace/apps/web"
     )

packages/i18n/src/devtool/ansi-text.test.tsx

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"
 
 import { AnsiText, resolveAnsiComponent } from "./ansi-text"
 
+function TestComponent({ children }: { children?: string }) {
+  return <code>{children}</code>
+}
+
 describe("AnsiText", () => {
   it("resolves direct, CommonJS, and nested default exports", () => {
-    const Component = ({ children }: { children?: string }) => (
-      <code>{children}</code>
-    )
-
-    expect(resolveAnsiComponent(Component)).toBe(Component)
-    expect(resolveAnsiComponent({ default: Component })).toBe(Component)
-    expect(resolveAnsiComponent({ default: { default: Component } })).toBe(
-      Component
+    expect(resolveAnsiComponent(TestComponent)).toBe(TestComponent)
+    expect(resolveAnsiComponent({ default: TestComponent })).toBe(TestComponent)
+    expect(resolveAnsiComponent({ default: { default: TestComponent } })).toBe(
+      TestComponent
     )
   })
 

packages/i18n/src/devtool/app/app.tsx

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ export function DevtoolApp() {
 
   const locale =
     state.project.locales.find(
-      (locale) => locale !== state.project.sourceLocale
+      (candidateLocale) => candidateLocale !== state.project.sourceLocale
     ) ?? state.project.sourceLocale
 
   if (!state.project.locales.includes(locale)) {

packages/i18n/src/devtool/app/index.html

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<html lang="en">
+<html lang="en-US">
   <head>
     <meta charset="UTF-8" />
     <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />

packages/i18n/src/devtool/app/main.tsx

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import { StrictMode } from "react"
 import { createRoot } from "react-dom/client"
 
 import { DevtoolApp } from "./app"
+// oxlint-disable-next-line import/no-unassigned-import -- Loads the standalone Devtool stylesheet.
 import "./styles.css"
 
 const root = document.getElementById("root")

packages/i18n/src/devtool/devtool-localization.test.ts

@@ -5,17 +5,18 @@ import { resolveI18nDevtoolLocale } from "./devtool-localization"
 describe("resolveI18nDevtoolLocale", () => {
   it("normalizes common BCP 47 language tags", () => {
     expect(resolveI18nDevtoolLocale("zh-CN")).toBe("zh-Hans")
-    expect(resolveI18nDevtoolLocale("zh-TW")).toBe("zh-Hant")
-    expect(resolveI18nDevtoolLocale("es-419")).toBe("es")
+    expect(resolveI18nDevtoolLocale("en-GB")).toBe("en-US")
   })
 
   it("selects the first supported preferred locale", () => {
     expect(
-      resolveI18nDevtoolLocale(undefined, ["pt-BR", "fr-CA", "en-US"])
-    ).toBe("fr")
+      resolveI18nDevtoolLocale(undefined, ["pt-BR", "fr-CA", "zh-CN"])
+    ).toBe("zh-Hans")
   })
 
   it("falls back to English", () => {
-    expect(resolveI18nDevtoolLocale(undefined, ["pt-BR"])).toBe("en")
+    expect(resolveI18nDevtoolLocale(undefined, ["pt-BR", "zh-TW"])).toBe(
+      "en-US"
+    )
   })
 })

packages/i18n/src/devtool/devtool-localization.tsx

@@ -1,15 +1,6 @@
 import * as React from "react"
 
-export const I18N_DEVTOOL_LOCALES = [
-  "en",
-  "de",
-  "es",
-  "fr",
-  "ja",
-  "ko",
-  "zh-Hans",
-  "zh-Hant",
-] as const
+export const I18N_DEVTOOL_LOCALES = ["en-US", "zh-Hans"] as const
 
 export type I18nDevtoolLocale = (typeof I18N_DEVTOOL_LOCALES)[number]
 
@@ -104,7 +95,7 @@ interface DevtoolMessages {
 }
 
 const messagesByLocale: Record<I18nDevtoolLocale, DevtoolMessages> = {
-  en: {
+  "en-US": {
     actions: {
       compile: "Compile",
       compileCompleted: "Compilation completed.",
@@ -195,460 +186,6 @@ const messagesByLocale: Record<I18nDevtoolLocale, DevtoolMessages> = {
       open: "Open I18n Devtool",
     },
   },
-  de: {
-    actions: {
-      compile: "Kompilieren",
-      compileCompleted: "Kompilierung abgeschlossen.",
-      compileFailed: "Kompilierung fehlgeschlagen.",
-      compiling: "Wird kompiliert…",
-      enterFullscreen: "Vollbildmodus aktivieren",
-      exitFullscreen: "Vollbildmodus beenden",
-      extract: "Extrahieren",
-      extractCompleted: "Extraktion abgeschlossen.",
-      extractFailed: "Extraktion fehlgeschlagen.",
-      extracting: "Wird extrahiert…",
-      label: "Aktionen",
-    },
-    commandOutput: {
-      close: "Befehlsausgabe schließen",
-      collapse: "Befehlsausgabe einklappen",
-      expand: "Befehlsausgabe ausklappen",
-      title: "Befehlsausgabe",
-    },
-    locale: {
-      controlLabel: "Zielsprache der Nachrichten",
-      label: "Zielsprache",
-      noTargetLocales: "Keine Zielsprachen konfiguriert.",
-      sourceLabel: "Ausgangssprache",
-    },
-    messagePanel: {
-      additionalSourceLocations: (count) => `${count} weitere Quellorte`,
-      chooseCopyContent: "Inhalt zum Kopieren auswählen",
-      collapseNamespace: (path) => `${path} einklappen`,
-      collapsePackage: (packageName) => `${packageName} einklappen`,
-      copied: "Kopiert",
-      copyDescriptor: "Nachrichten-Deskriptor kopieren",
-      copyFailed: "Kopieren fehlgeschlagen",
-      copyMessageId: "Nachrichten-ID kopieren",
-      copySource: "Quelltext kopieren",
-      copySourceLocation: "Quellort kopieren",
-      copyTranslation: "Aktuelle Übersetzung kopieren",
-      couldNotSave: "Speichern fehlgeschlagen",
-      emptyCatalog:
-        "Es sind noch keine Nachrichten verfügbar. Extrahieren Sie das Projekt, um diesen Katalog zu füllen.",
-      emptyPackage: "In diesem Paket wurden keine Nachrichten gefunden.",
-      expandNamespace: (path) => `${path} ausklappen`,
-      expandPackage: (packageName) => `${packageName} ausklappen`,
-      loading: (locale) => `${locale} wird geladen…`,
-      messageCount: (count) => `${count} Nachrichten`,
-      messageEditor: "Nachrichteneditor",
-      messageNavigation: "Nachrichtennavigation",
-      missingCount: (count) => `${count} fehlen`,
-      missingOnly: "Nur fehlende",
-      noMatches: "Keine Nachrichten entsprechen den aktuellen Filtern.",
-      noMissingMessages: "Alle Nachrichten sind übersetzt.",
-      noSearchResults: "Keine Nachrichten entsprechen Ihrer Suche.",
-      reset: "Zurücksetzen",
-      retry: "Erneut versuchen",
-      save: "Speichern",
-      saved: "Gespeichert",
-      saving: "Wird gespeichert…",
-      search: "Nachrichten durchsuchen",
-      selectMessage:
-        "Wählen Sie eine Nachricht aus, um ihre Übersetzung anzuzeigen und zu bearbeiten.",
-      source: "Quelle",
-      sourceLocations: "Quellorte",
-      translation: "Übersetzung",
-      translationFor: (id, locale) => `${id}: Übersetzung für ${locale}`,
-      unknownSourceLocation: "Unbekannter Quellort",
-    },
-    settings: {
-      auto: "Automatisch",
-      autoTheme: "Automatisches Design",
-      center: "Mitte",
-      dark: "Dunkel",
-      darkTheme: "Dunkles Design",
-      interfaceLanguage: "Oberflächensprache",
-      interfaceLanguageControl: "Oberflächensprache des I18n Devtools",
-      label: "I18n-Devtool-Einstellungen",
-      left: "Links",
-      light: "Hell",
-      lightTheme: "Helles Design",
-      open: "I18n-Devtool-Einstellungen öffnen",
-      panelPosition: "Panelposition",
-      panelPositionControl: "Position des I18n-Devtool-Panels",
-      right: "Rechts",
-      theme: "Design",
-      themeControl: "I18n-Devtool-Design",
-    },
-    trigger: {
-      close: "I18n Devtool schließen",
-      open: "I18n Devtool öffnen",
-    },
-  },
-  es: {
-    actions: {
-      compile: "Compilar",
-      compileCompleted: "Compilación completada.",
-      compileFailed: "Error de compilación.",
-      compiling: "Compilando…",
-      enterFullscreen: "Entrar en pantalla completa",
-      exitFullscreen: "Salir de pantalla completa",
-      extract: "Extraer",
-      extractCompleted: "Extracción completada.",
-      extractFailed: "Error de extracción.",
-      extracting: "Extrayendo…",
-      label: "Acciones",
-    },
-    commandOutput: {
-      close: "Cerrar salida del comando",
-      collapse: "Contraer salida del comando",
-      expand: "Expandir salida del comando",
-      title: "Salida del comando",
-    },
-    locale: {
-      controlLabel: "Idioma de destino de los mensajes",
-      label: "Idioma de destino",
-      noTargetLocales: "No hay idiomas de destino configurados.",
-      sourceLabel: "Idioma de origen",
-    },
-    messagePanel: {
-      additionalSourceLocations: (count) =>
-        `${count} ubicaciones de origen adicionales`,
-      chooseCopyContent: "Elegir contenido para copiar",
-      collapseNamespace: (path) => `Contraer ${path}`,
-      collapsePackage: (packageName) => `Contraer ${packageName}`,
-      copied: "Copiado",
-      copyDescriptor: "Copiar descriptor del mensaje",
-      copyFailed: "No se pudo copiar",
-      copyMessageId: "Copiar ID del mensaje",
-      copySource: "Copiar texto de origen",
-      copySourceLocation: "Copiar ubicación de origen",
-      copyTranslation: "Copiar traducción actual",
-      couldNotSave: "No se pudo guardar",
-      emptyCatalog:
-        "Aún no hay mensajes disponibles. Extraiga el proyecto para completar este catálogo.",
-      emptyPackage: "No se encontraron mensajes en este paquete.",
-      expandNamespace: (path) => `Expandir ${path}`,
-      expandPackage: (packageName) => `Expandir ${packageName}`,
-      loading: (locale) => `Cargando ${locale}…`,
-      messageCount: (count) => `${count} mensajes`,
-      messageEditor: "Editor de mensajes",
-      messageNavigation: "Navegación de mensajes",
-      missingCount: (count) => `${count} faltantes`,
-      missingOnly: "Solo faltantes",
-      noMatches: "Ningún mensaje coincide con los filtros actuales.",
-      noMissingMessages: "Todos los mensajes tienen traducción.",
-      noSearchResults: "Ningún mensaje coincide con la búsqueda.",
-      reset: "Restablecer",
-      retry: "Reintentar",
-      save: "Guardar",
-      saved: "Guardado",
-      saving: "Guardando…",
-      search: "Buscar mensajes",
-      selectMessage: "Seleccione un mensaje para ver y editar su traducción.",
-      source: "Origen",
-      sourceLocations: "Ubicaciones de origen",
-      translation: "Traducción",
-      translationFor: (id, locale) => `Traducción de ${id} para ${locale}`,
-      unknownSourceLocation: "Ubicación de origen desconocida",
-    },
-    settings: {
-      auto: "Automático",
-      autoTheme: "Tema automático",
-      center: "Centro",
-      dark: "Oscuro",
-      darkTheme: "Tema oscuro",
-      interfaceLanguage: "Idioma de la interfaz",
-      interfaceLanguageControl: "Idioma de la interfaz de I18n Devtool",
-      label: "Ajustes de I18n Devtool",
-      left: "Izquierda",
-      light: "Claro",
-      lightTheme: "Tema claro",
-      open: "Abrir ajustes de I18n Devtool",
-      panelPosition: "Posición del panel",
-      panelPositionControl: "Posición del panel de I18n Devtool",
-      right: "Derecha",
-      theme: "Tema",
-      themeControl: "Tema de I18n Devtool",
-    },
-    trigger: {
-      close: "Cerrar I18n Devtool",
-      open: "Abrir I18n Devtool",
-    },
-  },
-  fr: {
-    actions: {
-      compile: "Compiler",
-      compileCompleted: "Compilation terminée.",
-      compileFailed: "Échec de la compilation.",
-      compiling: "Compilation…",
-      enterFullscreen: "Passer en plein écran",
-      exitFullscreen: "Quitter le plein écran",
-      extract: "Extraire",
-      extractCompleted: "Extraction terminée.",
-      extractFailed: "Échec de l’extraction.",
-      extracting: "Extraction…",
-      label: "Actions",
-    },
-    commandOutput: {
-      close: "Fermer la sortie de commande",
-      collapse: "Réduire la sortie de commande",
-      expand: "Développer la sortie de commande",
-      title: "Sortie de commande",
-    },
-    locale: {
-      controlLabel: "Langue cible des messages",
-      label: "Langue cible",
-      noTargetLocales: "Aucune langue cible n’est configurée.",
-      sourceLabel: "Langue source",
-    },
-    messagePanel: {
-      additionalSourceLocations: (count) =>
-        `${count} emplacements source supplémentaires`,
-      chooseCopyContent: "Choisir le contenu à copier",
-      collapseNamespace: (path) => `Réduire ${path}`,
-      collapsePackage: (packageName) => `Réduire ${packageName}`,
-      copied: "Copié",
-      copyDescriptor: "Copier le descripteur du message",
-      copyFailed: "Échec de la copie",
-      copyMessageId: "Copier l’identifiant du message",
-      copySource: "Copier le texte source",
-      copySourceLocation: "Copier l’emplacement source",
-      copyTranslation: "Copier la traduction actuelle",
-      couldNotSave: "Échec de l’enregistrement",
-      emptyCatalog:
-        "Aucun message n’est encore disponible. Extrayez le projet pour remplir ce catalogue.",
-      emptyPackage: "Aucun message n’a été trouvé dans ce package.",
-      expandNamespace: (path) => `Développer ${path}`,
-      expandPackage: (packageName) => `Développer ${packageName}`,
-      loading: (locale) => `Chargement de ${locale}…`,
-      messageCount: (count) => `${count} messages`,
-      messageEditor: "Éditeur de messages",
-      messageNavigation: "Navigation des messages",
-      missingCount: (count) => `${count} manquants`,
-      missingOnly: "Manquants uniquement",
-      noMatches: "Aucun message ne correspond aux filtres actuels.",
-      noMissingMessages: "Tous les messages sont traduits.",
-      noSearchResults: "Aucun message ne correspond à votre recherche.",
-      reset: "Réinitialiser",
-      retry: "Réessayer",
-      save: "Enregistrer",
-      saved: "Enregistré",
-      saving: "Enregistrement…",
-      search: "Rechercher des messages",
-      selectMessage:
-        "Sélectionnez un message pour afficher et modifier sa traduction.",
-      source: "Source",
-      sourceLocations: "Emplacements source",
-      translation: "Traduction",
-      translationFor: (id, locale) => `Traduction de ${id} pour ${locale}`,
-      unknownSourceLocation: "Emplacement source inconnu",
-    },
-    settings: {
-      auto: "Auto",
-      autoTheme: "Thème automatique",
-      center: "Centre",
-      dark: "Sombre",
-      darkTheme: "Thème sombre",
-      interfaceLanguage: "Langue de l’interface",
-      interfaceLanguageControl: "Langue de l’interface de l’outil I18n",
-      label: "Paramètres de I18n Devtool",
-      left: "Gauche",
-      light: "Clair",
-      lightTheme: "Thème clair",
-      open: "Ouvrir les paramètres de I18n Devtool",
-      panelPosition: "Position du panneau",
-      panelPositionControl: "Position du panneau I18n Devtool",
-      right: "Droite",
-      theme: "Thème",
-      themeControl: "Thème de I18n Devtool",
-    },
-    trigger: {
-      close: "Fermer I18n Devtool",
-      open: "Ouvrir I18n Devtool",
-    },
-  },
-  ja: {
-    actions: {
-      compile: "コンパイル",
-      compileCompleted: "コンパイルが完了しました。",
-      compileFailed: "コンパイルに失敗しました。",
-      compiling: "コンパイル中…",
-      enterFullscreen: "全画面表示にする",
-      exitFullscreen: "全画面表示を終了",
-      extract: "抽出",
-      extractCompleted: "抽出が完了しました。",
-      extractFailed: "抽出に失敗しました。",
-      extracting: "抽出中…",
-      label: "操作",
-    },
-    commandOutput: {
-      close: "コマンド出力を閉じる",
-      collapse: "コマンド出力を折りたたむ",
-      expand: "コマンド出力を展開する",
-      title: "コマンド出力",
-    },
-    locale: {
-      controlLabel: "メッセージの翻訳先言語",
-      label: "翻訳先言語",
-      noTargetLocales: "翻訳先言語が設定されていません。",
-      sourceLabel: "原文言語",
-    },
-    messagePanel: {
-      additionalSourceLocations: (count) => `他 ${count} 件のソース位置`,
-      chooseCopyContent: "コピーする内容を選択",
-      collapseNamespace: (path) => `${path} を折りたたむ`,
-      collapsePackage: (packageName) => `${packageName} を折りたたむ`,
-      copied: "コピーしました",
-      copyDescriptor: "メッセージ記述子をコピー",
-      copyFailed: "コピーできませんでした",
-      copyMessageId: "メッセージ ID をコピー",
-      copySource: "原文をコピー",
-      copySourceLocation: "ソース位置をコピー",
-      copyTranslation: "現在の翻訳をコピー",
-      couldNotSave: "保存できませんでした",
-      emptyCatalog:
-        "メッセージはまだありません。プロジェクトを抽出してカタログを作成してください。",
-      emptyPackage: "このパッケージにはメッセージがありません。",
-      expandNamespace: (path) => `${path} を展開`,
-      expandPackage: (packageName) => `${packageName} を展開`,
-      loading: (locale) => `${locale} を読み込み中…`,
-      messageCount: (count) => `${count} 件`,
-      messageEditor: "メッセージエディター",
-      messageNavigation: "メッセージナビゲーション",
-      missingCount: (count) => `未翻訳 ${count} 件`,
-      missingOnly: "未翻訳のみ",
-      noMatches: "現在のフィルターに一致するメッセージはありません。",
-      noMissingMessages: "すべてのメッセージが翻訳済みです。",
-      noSearchResults: "検索に一致するメッセージはありません。",
-      reset: "リセット",
-      retry: "再試行",
-      save: "保存",
-      saved: "保存済み",
-      saving: "保存中…",
-      search: "メッセージを検索",
-      selectMessage: "翻訳を表示・編集するメッセージを選択してください。",
-      source: "原文",
-      sourceLocations: "ソース位置",
-      translation: "翻訳",
-      translationFor: (id, locale) => `${id} の ${locale} 翻訳`,
-      unknownSourceLocation: "ソース位置不明",
-    },
-    settings: {
-      auto: "自動",
-      autoTheme: "自動テーマ",
-      center: "中央",
-      dark: "ダーク",
-      darkTheme: "ダークテーマ",
-      interfaceLanguage: "表示言語",
-      interfaceLanguageControl: "I18n Devtool の表示言語",
-      label: "I18n Devtool の設定",
-      left: "左",
-      light: "ライト",
-      lightTheme: "ライトテーマ",
-      open: "I18n Devtool の設定を開く",
-      panelPosition: "パネル位置",
-      panelPositionControl: "I18n Devtool のパネル位置",
-      right: "右",
-      theme: "テーマ",
-      themeControl: "I18n Devtool のテーマ",
-    },
-    trigger: {
-      close: "I18n Devtool を閉じる",
-      open: "I18n Devtool を開く",
-    },
-  },
-  ko: {
-    actions: {
-      compile: "컴파일",
-      compileCompleted: "컴파일이 완료되었습니다.",
-      compileFailed: "컴파일에 실패했습니다.",
-      compiling: "컴파일 중…",
-      enterFullscreen: "전체 화면으로 전환",
-      exitFullscreen: "전체 화면 종료",
-      extract: "추출",
-      extractCompleted: "추출이 완료되었습니다.",
-      extractFailed: "추출에 실패했습니다.",
-      extracting: "추출 중…",
-      label: "작업",
-    },
-    commandOutput: {
-      close: "명령 출력을 닫기",
-      collapse: "명령 출력을 접기",
-      expand: "명령 출력을 펼치기",
-      title: "명령 출력",
-    },
-    locale: {
-      controlLabel: "메시지 대상 언어",
-      label: "대상 언어",
-      noTargetLocales: "대상 언어가 설정되지 않았습니다.",
-      sourceLabel: "원본 언어",
-    },
-    messagePanel: {
-      additionalSourceLocations: (count) => `추가 소스 위치 ${count}개`,
-      chooseCopyContent: "복사할 내용 선택",
-      collapseNamespace: (path) => `${path} 접기`,
-      collapsePackage: (packageName) => `${packageName} 접기`,
-      copied: "복사됨",
-      copyDescriptor: "메시지 설명자 복사",
-      copyFailed: "복사하지 못했습니다",
-      copyMessageId: "메시지 ID 복사",
-      copySource: "원문 복사",
-      copySourceLocation: "소스 위치 복사",
-      copyTranslation: "현재 번역 복사",
-      couldNotSave: "저장하지 못했습니다",
-      emptyCatalog:
-        "아직 사용할 수 있는 메시지가 없습니다. 프로젝트에서 메시지를 추출해 카탈로그를 채우세요.",
-      emptyPackage: "이 패키지에는 메시지가 없습니다.",
-      expandNamespace: (path) => `${path} 펼치기`,
-      expandPackage: (packageName) => `${packageName} 펼치기`,
-      loading: (locale) => `${locale} 불러오는 중…`,
-      messageCount: (count) => `${count}개 메시지`,
-      messageEditor: "메시지 편집기",
-      messageNavigation: "메시지 탐색",
-      missingCount: (count) => `${count}개 누락`,
-      missingOnly: "누락된 항목만",
-      noMatches: "현재 필터와 일치하는 메시지가 없습니다.",
-      noMissingMessages: "모든 메시지가 번역되었습니다.",
-      noSearchResults: "검색어와 일치하는 메시지가 없습니다.",
-      reset: "재설정",
-      retry: "다시 시도",
-      save: "저장",
-      saved: "저장됨",
-      saving: "저장 중…",
-      search: "메시지 검색",
-      selectMessage: "번역을 확인하고 편집할 메시지를 선택하세요.",
-      source: "원문",
-      sourceLocations: "소스 위치",
-      translation: "번역",
-      translationFor: (id, locale) => `${id}의 ${locale} 번역`,
-      unknownSourceLocation: "알 수 없는 소스 위치",
-    },
-    settings: {
-      auto: "자동",
-      autoTheme: "자동 테마",
-      center: "가운데",
-      dark: "다크",
-      darkTheme: "다크 테마",
-      interfaceLanguage: "인터페이스 언어",
-      interfaceLanguageControl: "I18n Devtool 인터페이스 언어",
-      label: "I18n Devtool 설정",
-      left: "왼쪽",
-      light: "라이트",
-      lightTheme: "라이트 테마",
-      open: "I18n Devtool 설정 열기",
-      panelPosition: "패널 위치",
-      panelPositionControl: "I18n Devtool 패널 위치",
-      right: "오른쪽",
-      theme: "테마",
-      themeControl: "I18n Devtool 테마",
-    },
-    trigger: {
-      close: "I18n Devtool 닫기",
-      open: "I18n Devtool 열기",
-    },
-  },
   "zh-Hans": {
     actions: {
       compile: "编译",
@@ -738,103 +275,14 @@ const messagesByLocale: Record<I18nDevtoolLocale, DevtoolMessages> = {
       open: "打开 I18n 开发工具",
     },
   },
-  "zh-Hant": {
-    actions: {
-      compile: "編譯",
-      compileCompleted: "編譯完成。",
-      compileFailed: "編譯失敗。",
-      compiling: "正在編譯…",
-      enterFullscreen: "進入全螢幕",
-      exitFullscreen: "退出全螢幕",
-      extract: "擷取",
-      extractCompleted: "擷取完成。",
-      extractFailed: "擷取失敗。",
-      extracting: "正在擷取…",
-      label: "操作",
-    },
-    commandOutput: {
-      close: "關閉命令輸出",
-      collapse: "收合命令輸出",
-      expand: "展開命令輸出",
-      title: "命令輸出",
-    },
-    locale: {
-      controlLabel: "訊息目標語言",
-      label: "目標語言",
-      noTargetLocales: "尚未設定目標語言。",
-      sourceLabel: "來源語言",
-    },
-    messagePanel: {
-      additionalSourceLocations: (count) => `另外 ${count} 個來源位置`,
-      chooseCopyContent: "選擇要複製的內容",
-      collapseNamespace: (path) => `收合 ${path}`,
-      collapsePackage: (packageName) => `收合 ${packageName}`,
-      copied: "已複製",
-      copyDescriptor: "複製 Message Descriptor",
-      copyFailed: "複製失敗",
-      copyMessageId: "複製 Message ID",
-      copySource: "複製原文",
-      copySourceLocation: "複製來源位置",
-      copyTranslation: "複製目前譯文",
-      couldNotSave: "儲存失敗",
-      emptyCatalog: "尚無可用訊息。請先擷取專案訊息以產生目錄。",
-      emptyPackage: "這個套件中暫無訊息。",
-      expandNamespace: (path) => `展開 ${path}`,
-      expandPackage: (packageName) => `展開 ${packageName}`,
-      loading: (locale) => `正在載入 ${locale}…`,
-      messageCount: (count) => `共 ${count} 筆`,
-      messageEditor: "訊息編輯器",
-      messageNavigation: "訊息導覽",
-      missingCount: (count) => `缺漏 ${count} 筆`,
-      missingOnly: "僅顯示缺漏項目",
-      noMatches: "沒有符合目前篩選條件的訊息。",
-      noMissingMessages: "所有訊息皆已完成翻譯。",
-      noSearchResults: "沒有符合搜尋內容的訊息。",
-      reset: "重設",
-      retry: "重試",
-      save: "儲存",
-      saved: "已儲存",
-      saving: "正在儲存…",
-      search: "搜尋訊息",
-      selectMessage: "請選擇一則訊息以檢視和編輯譯文。",
-      source: "原文",
-      sourceLocations: "來源位置",
-      translation: "譯文",
-      translationFor: (id, locale) => `${id} 的 ${locale} 翻譯`,
-      unknownSourceLocation: "未知來源位置",
-    },
-    settings: {
-      auto: "自動",
-      autoTheme: "自動主題",
-      center: "置中",
-      dark: "深色",
-      darkTheme: "深色主題",
-      interfaceLanguage: "介面語言",
-      interfaceLanguageControl: "I18n 開發工具介面語言",
-      label: "I18n 開發工具設定",
-      left: "左側",
-      light: "淺色",
-      lightTheme: "淺色主題",
-      open: "開啟 I18n 開發工具設定",
-      panelPosition: "面板位置",
-      panelPositionControl: "I18n 開發工具面板位置",
-      right: "右側",
-      theme: "主題",
-      themeControl: "I18n 開發工具主題",
-    },
-    trigger: {
-      close: "關閉 I18n 開發工具",
-      open: "開啟 I18n 開發工具",
-    },
-  },
 }
 
 const defaultContextValue: {
   locale: I18nDevtoolLocale
   messages: DevtoolMessages
 } = {
-  locale: "en",
-  messages: messagesByLocale.en,
+  locale: "en-US",
+  messages: messagesByLocale["en-US"],
 }
 
 const DevtoolLocalizationContext = React.createContext(defaultContextValue)
@@ -847,30 +295,22 @@ function matchDevtoolLocale(locale: string): I18nDevtoolLocale | undefined {
   }
 
   if (
-    normalizedLocale === "zh-hant" ||
-    normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-hant-")
+    normalizedLocale === "zh" ||
+    normalizedLocale === "zh-hans" ||
+    normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-hans-") ||
+    normalizedLocale === "zh-cn" ||
+    normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-cn-") ||
+    normalizedLocale === "zh-sg" ||
+    normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-sg-")
   ) {
-    return "zh-Hant"
-  }
-
-  if (
-    normalizedLocale === "zh-tw" ||
-    normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-tw-") ||
-    normalizedLocale === "zh-hk" ||
-    normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-hk-") ||
-    normalizedLocale === "zh-mo" ||
-    normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-mo-")
-  ) {
-    return "zh-Hant"
-  }
-
-  if (normalizedLocale === "zh" || normalizedLocale.startsWith("zh-")) {
     return "zh-Hans"
   }
 
-  const language = normalizedLocale.split("-")[0]
+  if (normalizedLocale === "en" || normalizedLocale.startsWith("en-")) {
+    return "en-US"
+  }
 
-  return I18N_DEVTOOL_LOCALES.find((candidate) => candidate === language)
+  return undefined
 }
 
 function getNavigatorLocales() {
@@ -899,7 +339,7 @@ export function resolveI18nDevtoolLocale(
     }
   }
 
-  return "en"
+  return "en-US"
 }
 
 export function getI18nDevtoolMessages(locale: I18nDevtoolLocale) {

packages/i18n/src/devtool/i18n-devtool.test.tsx

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ afterEach(() => {
 
 function renderDevtool(props?: I18nDevtoolProps) {
   return render(
-    <I18nProvider catalogs={{ en: {} }} locale="en" locales={["en"]}>
+    <I18nProvider catalogs={{ "en-US": {} }} locale="en-US" locales={["en-US"]}>
       <I18nDevtool dark="ui:dark" {...props} />
     </I18nProvider>
   )
@@ -87,17 +87,17 @@ describe("I18nDevtool", () => {
   it("detects the first supported navigator locale", async () => {
     vi.spyOn(window.navigator, "languages", "get").mockReturnValue([
       "pt-BR",
-      "ja-JP",
+      "fr-CA",
       "en-US",
     ])
     renderDevtool()
 
     const trigger = await screen.findByRole("button", {
-      name: "I18n Devtool を開く",
+      name: "Open I18n Devtool",
     })
     const devtool = trigger.closest<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="i18n-devtool"]')
 
-    expect(devtool?.getAttribute("lang")).toBe("ja")
+    expect(devtool?.getAttribute("lang")).toBe("en-US")
   })
 
   it("falls back to English when an explicit locale is unsupported", async () => {
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ describe("I18nDevtool", () => {
     })
     const devtool = trigger.closest<HTMLElement>('[data-slot="i18n-devtool"]')
 
-    expect(devtool?.getAttribute("lang")).toBe("en")
+    expect(devtool?.getAttribute("lang")).toBe("en-US")
   })
 
   it("includes the project source locale as a customization target", async () => {
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ describe("I18nDevtool", () => {
       vi.fn(async (input: RequestInfo | URL) => {
         const url = String(input)
         const body = url.endsWith("/project")
-          ? { locales: ["en", "zh-Hans"], sourceLocale: "en" }
+          ? { locales: ["en-US", "zh-Hans"], sourceLocale: "en-US" }
           : []
 
         return new Response(JSON.stringify(body), {
@@ -130,10 +130,10 @@ describe("I18nDevtool", () => {
 
     render(
       <I18nProvider
-        catalogs={{ en: {}, "zh-Hans": {} }}
-        locale="en"
+        catalogs={{ "en-US": {}, "zh-Hans": {} }}
+        locale="en-US"
         locales={[
-          { label: "English", locale: "en" },
+          { label: "English", locale: "en-US" },
           { label: "简体中文", locale: "zh-Hans" },
         ]}
       >
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ describe("I18nDevtool", () => {
     })
 
     await waitFor(() => {
-      expect(localeSelect).toHaveProperty("value", "en")
+      expect(localeSelect).toHaveProperty("value", "en-US")
     })
     expect(screen.getByText("Source locale")).toBeTruthy()
     expect(screen.getByText("English", { selector: "output" })).toBeTruthy()
@@ -157,9 +157,9 @@ describe("I18nDevtool", () => {
   it("tracks the configured document dark-mode class", async () => {
     render(
       <I18nProvider
-        catalogs={{ en: {} }}
-        locale="en"
-        locales={["en", "zh-Hans"]}
+        catalogs={{ "en-US": {} }}
+        locale="en-US"
+        locales={["en-US", "zh-Hans"]}
       >
         <I18nDevtool dark={"ui\\:dark"} />
       </I18nProvider>

packages/i18n/src/devtool/message-panel.test.tsx

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ const message: DevtoolMessage = {
   origins: [{ file: "src/navigation.tsx", line: 12 }],
   packageName: "@workspace/ui",
   source: "Home",
-  sourceLocale: "en",
+  sourceLocale: "en-US",
   translation: "",
 }
 
@@ -310,10 +310,10 @@ describe("MessagePanel", () => {
       updateMessage,
     }
 
-    render(<MessagePanel locale="en" repository={repository} />)
+    render(<MessagePanel locale="en-US" repository={repository} />)
 
     const textarea = await screen.findByLabelText(
-      "navigation.home translation for en"
+      "navigation.home translation for en-US"
     )
 
     expect(textarea).toHaveProperty("readOnly", true)

packages/i18n/src/runtime/i18n-provider.tsx

@@ -62,14 +62,13 @@ function normalizeLocales(
     const definition = typeof input === "string" ? { locale: input } : input
     const languageTag = definition.languageTag ?? definition.locale
 
-    return {
-      ...definition,
+    return Object.assign({}, definition, {
       direction: definition.direction ?? inferLocaleDirection(languageTag),
       label:
         definition.label ??
         getLocaleDisplayName(languageTag, definition.locale),
       languageTag,
-    }
+    })
   })
 
   if (!definitions.some((definition) => definition.locale === locale)) {

packages/i18n/src/runtime/runtime.test.tsx

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import { LocalizedText } from "./localized-text"
 import { Translate } from "./translate"
 
 const catalogs = {
-  en: {
+  "en-US": {
     greeting: "Hello",
   },
   "zh-Hans": {
@@ -39,6 +39,43 @@ function HookProbe() {
   )
 }
 
+function DirectionProbe() {
+  return <span>{useLocales()[0]?.direction}</span>
+}
+
+function LocaleLabelsProbe() {
+  return (
+    <span>
+      {useLocales()
+        .map((locale) => locale.label)
+        .join("|")}
+    </span>
+  )
+}
+
+function LocaleProbe() {
+  const locale = useLocaleDefinition()
+
+  return (
+    <span>
+      {locale.locale}|{locale.languageTag}
+    </span>
+  )
+}
+
+function FormatterProbe() {
+  const formatters = useFormatters()
+
+  return (
+    <output>
+      {formatters.formatNumber(1234.5)}|
+      {formatters.formatCurrency(1234.5, "USD")}|
+      {formatters.formatList(["A", "B", "C"])}|
+      {formatters.formatRelativeTime(-1, "day", { numeric: "auto" })}
+    </output>
+  )
+}
+
 describe("i18n runtime", () => {
   it("provides locale information and reactive translation helpers", () => {
     render(
@@ -46,7 +83,7 @@ describe("i18n runtime", () => {
         catalogs={catalogs}
         locale="zh-Hans"
         locales={[
-          { label: "English", locale: "en" },
+          { label: "English", locale: "en-US" },
           { label: "简体中文", locale: "zh-Hans" },
         ]}
       >
@@ -54,7 +91,7 @@ describe("i18n runtime", () => {
       </I18nProvider>
     )
 
-    expect(screen.getByText("zh-Hans|en,zh-Hans|你好|你好")).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByText("zh-Hans|en-US,zh-Hans|你好|你好")).toBeTruthy()
   })
 
   it("merges package catalogs and lets application catalogs override them", () => {
@@ -87,7 +124,7 @@ describe("i18n runtime", () => {
 
   it("wraps Lingui Trans without adding a DOM element", () => {
     const { container } = render(
-      <I18nProvider catalogs={catalogs} locale="en">
+      <I18nProvider catalogs={catalogs} locale="en-US">
         <p>
           <Translate id="greeting" message="Fallback" />
         </p>
@@ -110,10 +147,6 @@ describe("i18n runtime", () => {
   })
 
   it("infers right-to-left locale direction", () => {
-    function DirectionProbe() {
-      return <span>{useLocales()[0]?.direction}</span>
-    }
-
     render(
       <I18nProvider locale="ar" locales={["ar"]}>
         <DirectionProbe />
@@ -124,36 +157,16 @@ describe("i18n runtime", () => {
   })
 
   it("uses localized language names when locale labels are omitted", () => {
-    function LocaleLabelsProbe() {
-      return (
-        <span>
-          {useLocales()
-            .map((locale) => locale.label)
-            .join("|")}
-        </span>
-      )
-    }
-
     render(
-      <I18nProvider locale="en" locales={["en", "zh-Hans"]}>
+      <I18nProvider locale="en-US" locales={["en-US", "zh-Hans"]}>
         <LocaleLabelsProbe />
       </I18nProvider>
     )
 
-    expect(screen.getByText("English|简体中文")).toBeTruthy()
+    expect(screen.getByText("American English|简体中文")).toBeTruthy()
   })
 
   it("keeps catalog locales separate from Intl language tags", () => {
-    function LocaleProbe() {
-      const locale = useLocaleDefinition()
-
-      return (
-        <span>
-          {locale.locale}|{locale.languageTag}
-        </span>
-      )
-    }
-
     render(
       <I18nProvider
         locale="zh-Hans"
@@ -167,23 +180,10 @@ describe("i18n runtime", () => {
   })
 
   it("formats standard internationalized values through Intl", () => {
-    function FormatterProbe() {
-      const formatters = useFormatters()
-
-      return (
-        <output>
-          {formatters.formatNumber(1234.5)}|
-          {formatters.formatCurrency(1234.5, "USD")}|
-          {formatters.formatList(["A", "B", "C"])}|
-          {formatters.formatRelativeTime(-1, "day", { numeric: "auto" })}
-        </output>
-      )
-    }
-
     render(
       <I18nProvider
-        locale="en"
-        locales={[{ languageTag: "en-US", locale: "en" }]}
+        locale="en-US"
+        locales={[{ languageTag: "en-US", locale: "en-US" }]}
       >
         <FormatterProbe />
       </I18nProvider>

packages/i18n/src/vite.ts

@@ -139,6 +139,8 @@ ${createCatalogLoaderRuntime(`(async () => {
 function replaceMessageIds(code: string, schema: MessageIdSchema) {
   let transformedCode = code
 
+  // ES2022 compatibility: Object.entries returns a fresh array.
+  // oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-array-sort
   for (const [id, compactId] of Object.entries(schema.messages).sort(
     ([left], [right]) => right.length - left.length
   )) {

packages/lexical/src/locales/catalogs.test.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest"
 
 import { lexicalMessages } from "../messages"
-import { messages as en } from "./en"
+import { messages as enUS } from "./en-US"
 import { messages as zhHans } from "./zh-Hans"
 
 describe("Lexical locale catalogs", () => {
   it("ships every built-in message in every locale", () => {
-    const messageIds = Object.values(lexicalMessages)
-      .map((descriptor) => descriptor.id)
-      .sort()
+    const messageIds = Object.values(lexicalMessages).map(
+      (descriptor) => descriptor.id
+    )
+    messageIds.sort()
 
-    for (const messages of [en, zhHans]) {
+    for (const messages of [enUS, zhHans]) {
+      // Object.keys returns a fresh array.
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line unicorn/no-array-sort
       expect(Object.keys(messages).sort()).toEqual(messageIds)
     }
   })

packages/lexical/src/locales/catalogs.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { lexicalMessages } from "../messages"
 
-export const lexicalCatalogLocales = ["en", "zh-Hans"] as const
+export const lexicalCatalogLocales = ["en-US", "zh-Hans"] as const
 
 type LexicalMessageId =
   (typeof lexicalMessages)[keyof typeof lexicalMessages]["id"]

packages/lexical/src/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { LexicalMessageCatalog } from "./catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 
 export const messages = {

packages/lexical/src/root.tsx

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import {
   findLexicalActions,
 } from "./action-declarations"
 import { LexicalActionsProvider } from "./actions-context"
-import { messages as englishMessages } from "./locales/en"
+import { messages as englishMessages } from "./locales/en-US"
 
 const pluginKeys = new WeakMap<ComponentType, string>()
 let nextPluginKey = 0
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ function LexicalI18nBoundary({ children }: { children: ReactNode }) {
   if (hasI18nProvider) return children
 
   return (
-    <I18nProvider catalogs={{ en: englishMessages }} locale="en">
+    <I18nProvider catalogs={{ "en-US": englishMessages }} locale="en-US">
       {children}
     </I18nProvider>
   )

packages/ui/src/i18n/catalogs.ts

@@ -1,13 +1,4 @@
-export const uiCatalogLocales = [
-  "de",
-  "en",
-  "es",
-  "fr",
-  "ja",
-  "ko",
-  "zh-Hans",
-  "zh-Hant",
-] as const
+export const uiCatalogLocales = ["en-US", "zh-Hans"] as const
 
 export const uiMessageIds = [
   "ui.breadcrumb.label",

packages/ui/src/i18n/locales/de.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-export { de as calendarLocale } from "react-day-picker/locale/de"
-
-import type { UiMessageCatalog } from "../catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "de"
-export const languageTag = "de-DE"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "ui.breadcrumb.label": "Breadcrumb-Navigation",
-  "ui.carousel.nextSlide": "Nächste Folie",
-  "ui.carousel.previousSlide": "Vorherige Folie",
-  "ui.common.close": "Schließen",
-  "ui.common.loading": "Wird geladen",
-  "ui.common.more": "Mehr",
-  "ui.pagination.label": "Seitennavigation",
-  "ui.pagination.more": "Weitere Seiten",
-  "ui.pagination.next": "Weiter",
-  "ui.pagination.nextPage": "Zur nächsten Seite",
-  "ui.pagination.previous": "Zurück",
-  "ui.pagination.previousPage": "Zur vorherigen Seite",
-  "ui.sidebar.description": "Zeigt die mobile Seitenleiste an.",
-  "ui.sidebar.title": "Seitenleiste",
-  "ui.sidebar.toggle": "Seitenleiste umschalten",
-  "ui.toast.close": "Benachrichtigung schließen",
-} as const satisfies UiMessageCatalog

packages/ui/src/i18n/locales/en-US.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ export { enUS as calendarLocale } from "react-day-picker/locale/en-US"
 
 import type { UiMessageCatalog } from "../catalogs"
 
-export const locale = "en"
+export const locale = "en-US"
 export const languageTag = "en-US"
 
 export const messages = {

packages/ui/src/i18n/locales/es.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-export { es as calendarLocale } from "react-day-picker/locale/es"
-
-import type { UiMessageCatalog } from "../catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "es"
-export const languageTag = "es-ES"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "ui.breadcrumb.label": "Ruta de navegación",
-  "ui.carousel.nextSlide": "Diapositiva siguiente",
-  "ui.carousel.previousSlide": "Diapositiva anterior",
-  "ui.common.close": "Cerrar",
-  "ui.common.loading": "Cargando",
-  "ui.common.more": "Más",
-  "ui.pagination.label": "Paginación",
-  "ui.pagination.more": "Más páginas",
-  "ui.pagination.next": "Siguiente",
-  "ui.pagination.nextPage": "Ir a la página siguiente",
-  "ui.pagination.previous": "Anterior",
-  "ui.pagination.previousPage": "Ir a la página anterior",
-  "ui.sidebar.description": "Muestra la barra lateral móvil.",
-  "ui.sidebar.title": "Barra lateral",
-  "ui.sidebar.toggle": "Alternar barra lateral",
-  "ui.toast.close": "Cerrar notificación",
-} as const satisfies UiMessageCatalog

packages/ui/src/i18n/locales/fr.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-export { fr as calendarLocale } from "react-day-picker/locale/fr"
-
-import type { UiMessageCatalog } from "../catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "fr"
-export const languageTag = "fr-FR"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "ui.breadcrumb.label": "Fil d’Ariane",
-  "ui.carousel.nextSlide": "Diapositive suivante",
-  "ui.carousel.previousSlide": "Diapositive précédente",
-  "ui.common.close": "Fermer",
-  "ui.common.loading": "Chargement",
-  "ui.common.more": "Plus",
-  "ui.pagination.label": "Pagination",
-  "ui.pagination.more": "Plus de pages",
-  "ui.pagination.next": "Suivant",
-  "ui.pagination.nextPage": "Aller à la page suivante",
-  "ui.pagination.previous": "Précédent",
-  "ui.pagination.previousPage": "Aller à la page précédente",
-  "ui.sidebar.description": "Affiche la barre latérale mobile.",
-  "ui.sidebar.title": "Barre latérale",
-  "ui.sidebar.toggle": "Afficher ou masquer la barre latérale",
-  "ui.toast.close": "Fermer la notification",
-} as const satisfies UiMessageCatalog

packages/ui/src/i18n/locales/ja.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-export { ja as calendarLocale } from "react-day-picker/locale/ja"
-
-import type { UiMessageCatalog } from "../catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ja"
-export const languageTag = "ja-JP"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "ui.breadcrumb.label": "パンくずリスト",
-  "ui.carousel.nextSlide": "次のスライド",
-  "ui.carousel.previousSlide": "前のスライド",
-  "ui.common.close": "閉じる",
-  "ui.common.loading": "読み込み中",
-  "ui.common.more": "その他",
-  "ui.pagination.label": "ページネーション",
-  "ui.pagination.more": "その他のページ",
-  "ui.pagination.next": "次へ",
-  "ui.pagination.nextPage": "次のページへ移動",
-  "ui.pagination.previous": "前へ",
-  "ui.pagination.previousPage": "前のページへ移動",
-  "ui.sidebar.description": "モバイルサイドバーを表示します。",
-  "ui.sidebar.title": "サイドバー",
-  "ui.sidebar.toggle": "サイドバーを切り替える",
-  "ui.toast.close": "通知を閉じる",
-} as const satisfies UiMessageCatalog

packages/ui/src/i18n/locales/ko.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-export { ko as calendarLocale } from "react-day-picker/locale/ko"
-
-import type { UiMessageCatalog } from "../catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "ko"
-export const languageTag = "ko-KR"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "ui.breadcrumb.label": "이동 경로",
-  "ui.carousel.nextSlide": "다음 슬라이드",
-  "ui.carousel.previousSlide": "이전 슬라이드",
-  "ui.common.close": "닫기",
-  "ui.common.loading": "불러오는 중",
-  "ui.common.more": "더 보기",
-  "ui.pagination.label": "페이지 탐색",
-  "ui.pagination.more": "더 많은 페이지",
-  "ui.pagination.next": "다음",
-  "ui.pagination.nextPage": "다음 페이지로 이동",
-  "ui.pagination.previous": "이전",
-  "ui.pagination.previousPage": "이전 페이지로 이동",
-  "ui.sidebar.description": "모바일 사이드바를 표시합니다.",
-  "ui.sidebar.title": "사이드바",
-  "ui.sidebar.toggle": "사이드바 전환",
-  "ui.toast.close": "알림 닫기",
-} as const satisfies UiMessageCatalog

packages/ui/src/i18n/locales/zh-Hant.ts

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-export { zhTW as calendarLocale } from "react-day-picker/locale/zh-TW"
-
-import type { UiMessageCatalog } from "../catalogs"
-
-export const locale = "zh-Hant"
-export const languageTag = "zh-TW"
-
-export const messages = {
-  "ui.breadcrumb.label": "麵包屑導覽",
-  "ui.carousel.nextSlide": "下一張",
-  "ui.carousel.previousSlide": "上一張",
-  "ui.common.close": "關閉",
-  "ui.common.loading": "載入中",
-  "ui.common.more": "更多",
-  "ui.pagination.label": "分頁導覽",
-  "ui.pagination.more": "更多頁面",
-  "ui.pagination.next": "下一頁",
-  "ui.pagination.nextPage": "前往下一頁",
-  "ui.pagination.previous": "上一頁",
-  "ui.pagination.previousPage": "前往上一頁",
-  "ui.sidebar.description": "顯示行動版側欄。",
-  "ui.sidebar.title": "側欄",
-  "ui.sidebar.toggle": "切換側欄",
-  "ui.toast.close": "關閉通知",
-} as const satisfies UiMessageCatalog