refactor: support i18n

internal/bootstrap/server.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/config"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/ginx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 	webspa "cs-agent/web"
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ func NewServer() (*gin.Engine, error) {
 	app.Use(gin.Recovery())
 	app.Use(requestLogMiddleware())
 	app.Use(maxBodySizeMiddleware(cfg.Storage.MaxRequestBodySizeBytes()))
+	app.Use(i18nx.Middleware())
 
 	addRouter(app)
 
@@ -51,7 +53,7 @@ func NewServer() (*gin.Engine, error) {
 		},
 		NotFoundPrefixes: notFoundPrefixes,
 		NotFoundHandler: func(ctx *gin.Context) {
-			httpx.WriteHttpStatusJSON(ctx, http.StatusNotFound, web.JsonErrorCode(http.StatusNotFound, "Not found"))
+			httpx.WriteHttpStatusJSON(ctx, http.StatusNotFound, web.JsonErrorCode(http.StatusNotFound, i18nx.T(ctx, "error.notFound", nil)))
 		},
 	})
 

internal/builders/conversation_builder.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/models"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/response"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/utils"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 
@@ -13,6 +14,10 @@ import (
 )
 
 func BuildConversation(item *models.Conversation) response.ConversationResponse {
+	return BuildConversationWithLocale(item, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func BuildConversationWithLocale(item *models.Conversation, locale string) response.ConversationResponse {
 	agentReadState, customerReadState := services.ConversationReadStateService.GetConversationReadStates(item.ID)
 	ret := response.ConversationResponse{
 		ID:                        item.ID,
@@ -28,7 +33,7 @@ func BuildConversation(item *models.Conversation) response.ConversationResponse
 		LastMessageID:             item.LastMessageID,
 		LastMessageAt:             utils.FormatTime(item.LastMessageAt),
 		LastActiveAt:              utils.FormatTime(item.LastActiveAt),
-		LastMessageSummary:        item.LastMessageSummary,
+		LastMessageSummary:        localizeConversationSummary(locale, item.LastMessageSummary),
 		CustomerUnreadCount:       item.CustomerUnreadCount,
 		AgentUnreadCount:          item.AgentUnreadCount,
 		CustomerLastReadMessageID: readStateMessageID(customerReadState),
@@ -68,6 +73,26 @@ func BuildConversation(item *models.Conversation) response.ConversationResponse
 	return ret
 }
 
+func localizeConversationSummary(locale string, summary string) string {
+	if i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale) != i18nx.LocaleEnUS {
+		return summary
+	}
+	switch {
+	case summary == "[图片]":
+		return "[Image]"
+	case strings.HasPrefix(summary, "[图片] "):
+		return "[Image] " + strings.TrimPrefix(summary, "[图片] ")
+	case summary == "[附件]":
+		return "[Attachment]"
+	case strings.HasPrefix(summary, "[附件] "):
+		return "[Attachment] " + strings.TrimPrefix(summary, "[附件] ")
+	case summary == "该消息已撤回":
+		return "This message was recalled."
+	default:
+		return summary
+	}
+}
+
 func BuildParticipantResponses(conversationID int64) []response.ConversationParticipantResponse {
 	list := services.ConversationParticipantService.Find(sqls.NewCnd().Eq("conversation_id", conversationID).Asc("id"))
 	if len(list) == 0 {
@@ -89,6 +114,10 @@ func BuildParticipantResponses(conversationID int64) []response.ConversationPart
 }
 
 func BuildMessages(list []models.Message) []response.MessageResponse {
+	return BuildMessagesWithLocale(list, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func BuildMessagesWithLocale(list []models.Message, locale string) []response.MessageResponse {
 	if len(list) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -97,17 +126,25 @@ func BuildMessages(list []models.Message) []response.MessageResponse {
 	agentProfiles := collectAgentProfilesByMessages(list)
 	ret := make([]response.MessageResponse, 0, len(list))
 	for i := range list {
-		ret = append(ret, BuildMessageWithReadStates(&list[i], agentReadState, customerReadState, aiSenderNames, userSenderNames, agentProfiles))
+		ret = append(ret, BuildMessageWithReadStatesAndLocale(&list[i], agentReadState, customerReadState, aiSenderNames, userSenderNames, agentProfiles, locale))
 	}
 	return ret
 }
 
 func BuildMessage(item *models.Message) response.MessageResponse {
+	return BuildMessageWithLocale(item, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func BuildMessageWithLocale(item *models.Message, locale string) response.MessageResponse {
 	agentReadState, customerReadState := services.ConversationReadStateService.GetConversationReadStates(item.ConversationID)
-	return BuildMessageWithReadStates(item, agentReadState, customerReadState, nil, nil, nil)
+	return BuildMessageWithReadStatesAndLocale(item, agentReadState, customerReadState, nil, nil, nil, locale)
 }
 
 func BuildMessageWithReadStates(item *models.Message, agentReadState, customerReadState *models.ConversationReadState, aiSenderNames, userSenderNames map[int64]string, agentProfiles map[int64]*models.AgentProfile) response.MessageResponse {
+	return BuildMessageWithReadStatesAndLocale(item, agentReadState, customerReadState, aiSenderNames, userSenderNames, agentProfiles, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func BuildMessageWithReadStatesAndLocale(item *models.Message, agentReadState, customerReadState *models.ConversationReadState, aiSenderNames, userSenderNames map[int64]string, agentProfiles map[int64]*models.AgentProfile, locale string) response.MessageResponse {
 	content, payload := utils.BuildRenderableMessage(item)
 	ret := response.MessageResponse{
 		ID:              item.ID,
@@ -116,7 +153,7 @@ func BuildMessageWithReadStates(item *models.Message, agentReadState, customerRe
 		SenderType:      item.SenderType,
 		SenderID:        item.SenderID,
 		MessageType:     item.MessageType,
-		Content:         content,
+		Content:         localizeRenderableMessageContent(locale, content),
 		Payload:         payload,
 		SeqNo:           item.SeqNo,
 		SendStatus:      item.SendStatus,
@@ -169,6 +206,16 @@ func BuildMessageWithReadStates(item *models.Message, agentReadState, customerRe
 	return ret
 }
 
+func localizeRenderableMessageContent(locale string, content string) string {
+	if i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale) != i18nx.LocaleEnUS {
+		return content
+	}
+	if content == "该消息已撤回" {
+		return "This message was recalled."
+	}
+	return content
+}
+
 func collectAgentProfilesByMessages(list []models.Message) map[int64]*models.AgentProfile {
 	var agentUserIDs []int64
 	seen := make(map[int64]struct{})

internal/builders/conversation_builder_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package builders
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
+)
+
+func TestLocalizeConversationSummary(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		locale  string
+		summary string
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "image summary in english",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleEnUS,
+			summary: "[图片]",
+			want:    "[Image]",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "attachment summary in english",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleEnUS,
+			summary: "[附件] spec.pdf",
+			want:    "[Attachment] spec.pdf",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "recalled message in english",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleEnUS,
+			summary: "该消息已撤回",
+			want:    "This message was recalled.",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "business text is not translated",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleEnUS,
+			summary: "客户反馈无法登录",
+			want:    "客户反馈无法登录",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "chinese locale keeps existing summary",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleZhCN,
+			summary: "[图片]",
+			want:    "[图片]",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			if got := localizeConversationSummary(tt.locale, tt.summary); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("localizeConversationSummary() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLocalizeRenderableMessageContent(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		locale  string
+		content string
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "recalled message in english",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleEnUS,
+			content: "该消息已撤回",
+			want:    "This message was recalled.",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "normal customer message is not translated",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleEnUS,
+			content: "客户反馈无法登录",
+			want:    "客户反馈无法登录",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "chinese locale keeps content",
+			locale:  i18nx.LocaleZhCN,
+			content: "该消息已撤回",
+			want:    "该消息已撤回",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			if got := localizeRenderableMessageContent(tt.locale, tt.content); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("localizeRenderableMessageContent() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

internal/builders/notification_builder.go

@@ -3,18 +3,32 @@ package builders
 import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/models"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/response"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/utils"
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var (
+	ticketAssignedNotificationPattern       = regexp.MustCompile(`^工单 (.+) 已指派给你$`)
+	conversationAssignedNotificationPattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^会话 #([0-9]+) 已分配给你$`)
 )
 
 func BuildNotification(item *models.Notification) *response.NotificationResponse {
+	return BuildNotificationWithLocale(item, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func BuildNotificationWithLocale(item *models.Notification, locale string) *response.NotificationResponse {
 	if item == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
+	title, content := localizeNotificationText(item, locale)
 	return &response.NotificationResponse{
 		ID:               item.ID,
 		RecipientUserID:  item.RecipientUserID,
-		Title:            item.Title,
-		Content:          item.Content,
+		Title:            title,
+		Content:          content,
 		NotificationType: item.NotificationType,
 		BizType:          item.BizType,
 		BizID:            item.BizID,
@@ -25,11 +39,90 @@ func BuildNotification(item *models.Notification) *response.NotificationResponse
 }
 
 func BuildNotificationList(list []models.Notification) []response.NotificationResponse {
+	return BuildNotificationListWithLocale(list, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func BuildNotificationListWithLocale(list []models.Notification, locale string) []response.NotificationResponse {
 	results := make([]response.NotificationResponse, 0, len(list))
 	for i := range list {
-		if item := BuildNotification(&list[i]); item != nil {
+		if item := BuildNotificationWithLocale(&list[i], locale); item != nil {
 			results = append(results, *item)
 		}
 	}
 	return results
 }
+
+func localizeNotificationText(item *models.Notification, locale string) (string, string) {
+	title := item.Title
+	content := item.Content
+	if i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale) != i18nx.LocaleEnUS {
+		return title, content
+	}
+	switch strings.TrimSpace(item.NotificationType) {
+	case "ticket_assigned":
+		return localizeTicketAssignedNotification(title, content)
+	case "conversation_assigned":
+		return localizeConversationAssignedNotification(title, content)
+	default:
+		return title, content
+	}
+}
+
+func localizeTicketAssignedNotification(title string, content string) (string, string) {
+	lines := splitNotificationLines(content)
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		return localizeNotificationTitle(title), content
+	}
+	if matches := ticketAssignedNotificationPattern.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0]); len(matches) == 2 {
+		lines[0] = fmt.Sprintf("Ticket %s has been assigned to you.", matches[1])
+	}
+	for i, line := range lines[1:] {
+		if reason, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "指派原因: "); ok {
+			lines[i+1] = "Assignment reason: " + reason
+		}
+	}
+	return localizeNotificationTitle(title), strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
+func localizeConversationAssignedNotification(title string, content string) (string, string) {
+	lines := splitNotificationLines(content)
+	if len(lines) == 0 {
+		return localizeNotificationTitle(title), content
+	}
+	if matches := conversationAssignedNotificationPattern.FindStringSubmatch(lines[0]); len(matches) == 2 {
+		lines[0] = fmt.Sprintf("Conversation #%s has been assigned to you.", matches[1])
+	}
+	for i, line := range lines[1:] {
+		if reason, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "分配原因: "); ok {
+			lines[i+1] = "Assignment reason: " + reason
+			continue
+		}
+		if reason, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "转接原因: "); ok {
+			lines[i+1] = "Transfer reason: " + reason
+		}
+	}
+	return localizeNotificationTitle(title), strings.Join(lines, "\n")
+}
+
+func localizeNotificationTitle(title string) string {
+	switch strings.TrimSpace(title) {
+	case "工单指派提醒":
+		return "Ticket assigned"
+	case "会话转接提醒":
+		return "Conversation transferred"
+	case "会话自动分配提醒":
+		return "Conversation auto-assigned"
+	case "会话分配提醒":
+		return "Conversation assigned"
+	default:
+		return title
+	}
+}
+
+func splitNotificationLines(content string) []string {
+	normalized := strings.TrimSpace(content)
+	if normalized == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return strings.Split(normalized, "\n")
+}

internal/builders/notification_builder_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 
 	"cs-agent/internal/models"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 )
 
 func TestBuildNotificationListReturnsEmptySlice(t *testing.T) {
@@ -16,3 +17,22 @@ func TestBuildNotificationListReturnsEmptySlice(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("expected empty slice, got %d items", len(results))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestBuildNotificationLocalizesKnownSystemNotification(t *testing.T) {
+	result := BuildNotificationWithLocale(&models.Notification{
+		Title:            "工单指派提醒",
+		Content:          "工单 TK-100 已指派给你\n无法登录后台\n指派原因: 优先处理",
+		NotificationType: "ticket_assigned",
+	}, i18nx.LocaleEnUS)
+
+	if result == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected notification response")
+	}
+	if result.Title != "Ticket assigned" {
+		t.Fatalf("title = %q", result.Title)
+	}
+	wantContent := "Ticket TK-100 has been assigned to you.\n无法登录后台\nAssignment reason: 优先处理"
+	if result.Content != wantContent {
+		t.Fatalf("content = %q, want %q", result.Content, wantContent)
+	}
+}

internal/handlers/api/conversation_handler.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/request"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/response"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx/params"
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func ConversationGetBy(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	detail := response.ConversationDetailResponse{
-		ConversationResponse: builders.BuildConversation(item),
+		ConversationResponse: builders.BuildConversationWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)),
 		Participants:         builders.BuildParticipantResponses(id),
 	}
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, detail)
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ func ConversationPostCreate_or_match(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, err)
 		return
 	}
-	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildConversation(item))
+	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildConversationWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 }
 
 func ConversationPostClose(ctx *gin.Context) {

internal/handlers/api/message_handler.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/request"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ func MessageAnyList(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	list, nextCursor, hasMore := services.MessageService.FindByConversationIDCursor(
 		conversationID, cursor, limit, senderType, messageType,
 	)
-	results := builders.BuildMessages(list)
+	results := builders.BuildMessagesWithLocale(list, i18nx.Locale(ctx))
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, httpx.CursorData(results, cast.ToString(nextCursor), hasMore))
 }
 
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@ func MessagePostSend(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, err)
 		return
 	}
-	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildMessage(item))
+	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildMessageWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 }
 
 func MessagePostRead(ctx *gin.Context) {

internal/handlers/dashboard/ai_agent_handler.go

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/request"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/response"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/toolx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/utils"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
@@ -34,7 +35,7 @@ func AIAgentAnyList(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	list, paging := services.AIAgentService.FindPageByCnd(cnd)
 	results := make([]response.AIAgentResponse, 0, len(list))
 	for _, item := range list {
-		results = append(results, buildAIAgentResponse(&item))
+		results = append(results, buildAIAgentResponseWithLocale(&item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 	}
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, &web.PageResult{Results: results, Page: paging})
 }
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ func AIAgentGetList_all(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	list := services.AIAgentService.Find(sqls.NewCnd().Where("status = ?", enums.StatusOk).Desc("sort_no").Desc("id"))
 	results := make([]response.AIAgentResponse, 0, len(list))
 	for _, item := range list {
-		results = append(results, buildAIAgentResponse(&item))
+		results = append(results, buildAIAgentResponseWithLocale(&item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 	}
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, results)
 }
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ func AIAgentGetBy(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, web.JsonErrorMsg("AI Agent 不存在"))
 		return
 	}
-	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, buildAIAgentResponse(item))
+	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, buildAIAgentResponseWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 }
 
 func AIAgentPostCreate(ctx *gin.Context) {
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ func AIAgentPostCreate(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, err)
 		return
 	}
-	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, buildAIAgentResponse(item))
+	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, buildAIAgentResponseWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 }
 
 func AIAgentPostUpdate(ctx *gin.Context) {
@@ -160,6 +161,10 @@ func AIAgentPostUpdate_status(ctx *gin.Context) {
 }
 
 func buildAIAgentResponse(item *models.AIAgent) response.AIAgentResponse {
+	return buildAIAgentResponseWithLocale(item, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func buildAIAgentResponseWithLocale(item *models.AIAgent, locale string) response.AIAgentResponse {
 	ret := response.AIAgentResponse{
 		ID:                  item.ID,
 		Name:                item.Name,
@@ -242,13 +247,13 @@ func buildAIAgentResponse(item *models.AIAgent) response.AIAgentResponse {
 				}
 				title := strings.TrimSpace(tool.Title)
 				if title == "" {
-					if registeredTitle := toolx.GetRegisteredToolTitle(toolCode); registeredTitle != "" {
+					if registeredTitle := toolx.GetRegisteredToolTitleLocale(toolCode, locale); registeredTitle != "" {
 						title = registeredTitle
 					}
 				}
 				description := strings.TrimSpace(tool.Description)
 				if description == "" {
-					if registeredDescription := toolx.GetRegisteredToolDescription(toolCode); registeredDescription != "" {
+					if registeredDescription := toolx.GetRegisteredToolDescriptionLocale(toolCode, locale); registeredDescription != "" {
 						description = registeredDescription
 					}
 				}

internal/handlers/dashboard/conversation_handler.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/response"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ func ConversationAnyList(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	list, paging := services.ConversationService.FindPageByCnd(cnd)
 	results := make([]response.ConversationResponse, 0, len(list))
 	for _, item := range list {
-		results = append(results, builders.BuildConversation(&item))
+		results = append(results, builders.BuildConversationWithLocale(&item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 	}
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, &web.PageResult{Results: results, Page: paging})
 }
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ func ConversationAnyConversations(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 	results := make([]response.ConversationResponse, 0, len(list))
 	for _, item := range list {
-		results = append(results, builders.BuildConversation(&item))
+		results = append(results, builders.BuildConversationWithLocale(&item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 	}
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, &web.PageResult{Results: results, Page: paging})
 }
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ func ConversationGetBy(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	detail := response.ConversationDetailResponse{
-		ConversationResponse: builders.BuildConversation(item),
+		ConversationResponse: builders.BuildConversationWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)),
 		Participants:         builders.BuildParticipantResponses(id),
 	}
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, detail)
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ func ConversationAnyMessage_list(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	list, nextCursor, hasMore := services.MessageService.FindByConversationIDCursor(
 		conversationID, cursor, limit, senderType, messageType,
 	)
-	results := builders.BuildMessages(list)
+	results := builders.BuildMessagesWithLocale(list, i18nx.Locale(ctx))
 
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, httpx.CursorData(results, cast.ToString(nextCursor), hasMore))
 }
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ func ConversationPostSend_message(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, err)
 		return
 	}
-	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildMessage(item))
+	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildMessageWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 }
 
 func ConversationPostRecall_message(ctx *gin.Context) {
@@ -279,7 +280,7 @@ func ConversationPostRecall_message(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, err)
 		return
 	}
-	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildMessage(item))
+	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, builders.BuildMessageWithLocale(item, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 }
 
 func ConversationPostRead(ctx *gin.Context) {

internal/handlers/dashboard/dashboard_handler.go

@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx/params"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 )
 
 func DashboardGetOverview(ctx *gin.Context) {
 	rangeValue, _ := params.Get(ctx, "range")
-	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, services.DashboardService.GetOverview(rangeValue))
+	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, services.DashboardService.GetOverview(rangeValue, i18nx.Locale(ctx)))
 }

internal/handlers/dashboard/mcp_handler.go

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/constants"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/request"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/response"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx/params"
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func MCPAnyCatalog(ctx *gin.Context) {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, err)
 		return
 	}
-	items, err := services.ToolCatalogService.ListMCPTools(context.Background())
+	items, err := services.ToolCatalogService.ListMCPToolsWithLocale(context.Background(), i18nx.Locale(ctx))
 	if err != nil {
 		httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, err)
 		return

internal/handlers/dashboard/notification_handler.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/httpx/params"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/mlogclub/simple/web"
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func NotificationAnyList(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 	list, paging := services.NotificationService.FindPageByCnd(cnd)
 	httpx.WriteJSON(ctx, &web.PageResult{
-		Results: builders.BuildNotificationList(list),
+		Results: builders.BuildNotificationListWithLocale(list, i18nx.Locale(ctx)),
 		Page:    paging,
 	})
 }

internal/middleware/auth_middleware.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package middleware
 
 import (
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/services"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -16,7 +17,9 @@ func AuthMiddleware(ctx *gin.Context) {
 
 func authenticateRequest(ctx *gin.Context) bool {
 	if _, err := services.AuthService.Authenticate(ctx); err != nil {
-		ctx.JSON(200, web.JsonError(err))
+		result := web.JsonError(err)
+		result.Message = i18nx.T(ctx, "error.auth.expired", nil)
+		ctx.JSON(200, result)
 		ctx.Abort()
 		return false
 	}

internal/pkg/httpx/path.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package httpx
 
 import (
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ import (
 func GetPathInt64(ctx *gin.Context, name string) (int64, bool) {
 	value, err := strconv.ParseInt(ctx.Param(name), 10, 64)
 	if err != nil {
-		WriteHttpStatusJSON(ctx, http.StatusBadRequest, web.JsonErrorMsg("路径参数错误"))
+		WriteHttpStatusJSON(ctx, http.StatusBadRequest, web.JsonErrorMsg(i18nx.T(ctx, "error.path.invalid", nil)))
 		return 0, false
 	}
 	return value, true

internal/pkg/httpx/response.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package httpx
 
 import (
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
@@ -28,11 +29,19 @@ func PageData(results any, paging *sqls.Paging) any {
 }
 
 func WriteJSON(ctx *gin.Context, result any) {
-	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, buildJSONResult(result))
+	ctx.JSON(http.StatusOK, localizeJSONResult(ctx, buildJSONResult(result)))
 }
 
 func WriteHttpStatusJSON(ctx *gin.Context, statusCode int, result any) {
-	ctx.JSON(statusCode, buildJSONResult(result))
+	ctx.JSON(statusCode, localizeJSONResult(ctx, buildJSONResult(result)))
+}
+
+func localizeJSONResult(ctx *gin.Context, result *web.JsonResult) *web.JsonResult {
+	if result == nil || result.Success || result.Message == "" {
+		return result
+	}
+	result.Message = i18nx.TranslateKnownMessage(i18nx.Locale(ctx), result.Message)
+	return result
 }
 
 func buildJSONResult(result any) *web.JsonResult {

internal/pkg/httpx/response_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package httpx
 
 import (
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
@@ -67,6 +68,22 @@ func TestWriteJSONWrapsCommonResultTypes(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestWriteJSONLocalizesKnownErrorMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	ctx, recorder := testContext()
+	i18nx.SetLocale(ctx, i18nx.LocaleEnUS)
+
+	WriteJSON(ctx, web.JsonErrorMsg("会话不存在"))
+
+	var got web.JsonResult
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(recorder.Body.Bytes(), &got); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("decode response: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.Message != "Conversation not found." {
+		t.Fatalf("message = %q, want %q", got.Message, "Conversation not found.")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestWriteHttpStatusJSONUsesProvidedStatus(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 	ctx, recorder := testContext()

internal/pkg/i18nx/bundle.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package i18nx
+
+import (
+	"embed"
+	"log/slog"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n/v2/i18n"
+	"github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2"
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+)
+
+//go:embed locales/*.toml
+var messageFiles embed.FS
+
+var (
+	bundleOnce sync.Once
+	bundle     *i18n.Bundle
+)
+
+func Bundle() *i18n.Bundle {
+	bundleOnce.Do(func() {
+		b := i18n.NewBundle(language.SimplifiedChinese)
+		b.RegisterUnmarshalFunc("toml", toml.Unmarshal)
+		for _, name := range []string{
+			"locales/active.zh-CN.toml",
+			"locales/active.en-US.toml",
+		} {
+			if _, err := b.LoadMessageFileFS(messageFiles, name); err != nil {
+				slog.Error("load i18n message file failed", "file", name, "err", err)
+			}
+		}
+		bundle = b
+	})
+	return bundle
+}

internal/pkg/i18nx/context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package i18nx
+
+import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+
+const contextLocaleKey = "i18nx.locale"
+
+func Locale(ctx *gin.Context) string {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return LocaleZhCN
+	}
+	value, ok := ctx.Get(contextLocaleKey)
+	if !ok {
+		return LocaleZhCN
+	}
+	locale, ok := value.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return LocaleZhCN
+	}
+	return NormalizeLocale(locale)
+}
+
+func SetLocale(ctx *gin.Context, locale string) {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	ctx.Set(contextLocaleKey, NormalizeLocale(locale))
+}

internal/pkg/i18nx/i18nx_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package i18nx
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestNormalizeLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		in   string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{name: "default for blank", in: "", want: LocaleZhCN},
+		{name: "exact chinese", in: "zh-CN", want: LocaleZhCN},
+		{name: "underscore chinese", in: "zh_CN", want: LocaleZhCN},
+		{name: "short chinese", in: "zh", want: LocaleZhCN},
+		{name: "exact english", in: "en-US", want: LocaleEnUS},
+		{name: "underscore english", in: "en_US", want: LocaleEnUS},
+		{name: "short english", in: "en", want: LocaleEnUS},
+		{name: "unsupported falls back", in: "fr-FR", want: LocaleZhCN},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			if got := NormalizeLocale(tt.in); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("NormalizeLocale(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.in, got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveLocaleFromHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/dashboard/user/list", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "fr-FR, en-US;q=0.9, zh-CN;q=0.8")
+
+	if got := ResolveRequestLocale(req); got != LocaleEnUS {
+		t.Fatalf("ResolveRequestLocale() = %q, want %q", got, LocaleEnUS)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResolveLocalePrefersXLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/dashboard/user/list", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("X-Locale", "en-US")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN")
+
+	if got := ResolveRequestLocale(req); got != LocaleEnUS {
+		t.Fatalf("ResolveRequestLocale() = %q, want %q", got, LocaleEnUS)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTranslateFallsBackToChinese(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	if got := TLocale(LocaleEnUS, "error.auth.expired", nil); got != "Your session has expired. Please sign in again." {
+		t.Fatalf("english translation = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := TLocale("fr-FR", "error.auth.expired", nil); got != "未登录或登录已过期" {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback translation = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTranslateKnownMessageSupportsFormattedMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name    string
+		message string
+		want    string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "batch limit",
+			message: "单次最多生成 31 条排班",
+			want:    "You can generate at most 31 schedule entries at a time.",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "start date",
+			message: "开始时间格式错误，请使用 yyyy-MM-dd",
+			want:    "Invalid start time format. Use yyyy-MM-dd.",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "end date time",
+			message: "结束时间格式错误，请使用 yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss 或 RFC3339",
+			want:    "Invalid end time format. Use yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss or RFC3339.",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "oidc issuer config",
+			message: "OIDC issuer 未配置",
+			want:    "OIDC issuer is not configured.",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "oidc login result",
+			message: "登录结果不能为空",
+			want:    "Sign-in result is required.",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		tt := tt
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			if got := TranslateKnownMessage(LocaleEnUS, tt.message); got != tt.want {
+				t.Fatalf("TranslateKnownMessage() = %q, want %q", got, tt.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMiddlewareStoresLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	router := gin.New()
+	router.Use(Middleware())
+	router.GET("/ping", func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+		ctx.String(http.StatusOK, Locale(ctx))
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/ping", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("X-Locale", "en-US")
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	router.ServeHTTP(recorder, req)
+
+	if recorder.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", recorder.Code, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+	if got := recorder.Body.String(); got != LocaleEnUS {
+		t.Fatalf("middleware locale = %q, want %q", got, LocaleEnUS)
+	}
+}

internal/pkg/i18nx/known_messages.go

@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+package i18nx
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var maxScheduleBatchMessagePattern = regexp.MustCompile(`^单次最多生成 ([0-9]+) 条排班$`)
+
+var knownMessages = map[string]map[string]string{
+	LocaleEnUS: {
+		"未登录或登录已过期":                                         "Your session has expired. Please sign in again.",
+		"无权限执行该操作":                                          "You do not have permission to perform this action.",
+		"无权限操作":                                             "You do not have permission to perform this action.",
+		"参数不合法":                                             "Invalid request parameters.",
+		"路径参数错误":                                            "Invalid path parameter.",
+		"状态值不合法":                                            "Invalid status value.",
+		"用户名和密码不能为空":                                        "Enter both username and password.",
+		"用户名或密码错误":                                          "The username or password is incorrect.",
+		"登录失败次数过多，请稍后再试":                                    "Too many failed sign-in attempts. Please try again later.",
+		"用户不存在":                                             "User not found.",
+		"用户不存在或已被禁用":                                        "The user does not exist or has been disabled.",
+		"用户名不能为空":                                           "Enter a username.",
+		"用户名已存在":                                            "This username is already in use.",
+		"手机号已存在":                                            "This phone number is already in use.",
+		"邮箱已存在":                                             "This email address is already in use.",
+		"新密码不能为空":                                           "Enter a new password.",
+		"禁用角色不允许分配":                                         "Disabled roles cannot be assigned.",
+		"角色不存在":                                             "Role not found.",
+		"角色名称和编码不能为空":                                       "Enter both role name and role code.",
+		"角色编码已存在":                                           "This role code is already in use.",
+		"系统内置角色不允许删除":                                       "Built-in system roles cannot be deleted.",
+		"角色已被用户使用，无法删除":                                     "This role is assigned to users and cannot be deleted.",
+		"权限不存在":                                             "Permission not found.",
+		"会话不存在":                                             "Conversation not found.",
+		"会话筛选项不合法":                                          "Invalid conversation filter.",
+		"只有待接入会话允许分配":                                       "Only queued conversations can be assigned.",
+		"只有待接入会话允许自动分配":                                     "Only queued conversations can be auto-assigned.",
+		"当前会话已分配客服":                                         "This conversation has already been assigned.",
+		"当前暂不在人工客服服务时间内":                                    "Human support is currently outside service hours.",
+		"目标客服不能为空":                                          "Select a target agent.",
+		"目标客服不存在":                                           "Target agent not found.",
+		"无权转接该会话":                                           "You do not have permission to transfer this conversation.",
+		"只有处理中会话允许转接":                                       "Only active conversations can be transferred.",
+		"当前会话未分配客服":                                         "This conversation is not assigned to an agent.",
+		"目标客服不能与当前指派人相同":                                    "The target agent must be different from the current assignee.",
+		"无权访问该会话":                                           "You do not have permission to access this conversation.",
+		"当前状态不允许关闭会话":                                       "This conversation cannot be closed in its current status.",
+		"关闭原因不能为空":                                          "Enter a close reason.",
+		"无权关闭该会话":                                           "You do not have permission to close this conversation.",
+		"已关闭的会话无法关联客户":                                      "Closed conversations cannot be linked to customers.",
+		"无权限关联该会话":                                          "You do not have permission to link this conversation.",
+		"外部用户标识不能为空":                                        "External user ID is required.",
+		"接入渠道未初始化":                                          "The channel is not initialized.",
+		"接入渠道不存在或已停用":                                       "The channel does not exist or has been disabled.",
+		"接入渠道异常":                                            "Channel error.",
+		"channel not found":                                 "Channel not found.",
+		"该渠道不支持开放客服配置":                                      "This channel does not support public support configuration.",
+		"外部身份未初始化":                                          "External identity is not initialized.",
+		"conversationId不能为空":                                "Conversation ID is required.",
+		"请选择上传图片":                                           "Choose an image to upload.",
+		"仅支持上传图片文件":                                         "Only image files are supported.",
+		"请选择上传附件":                                           "Choose an attachment to upload.",
+		"请选择上传文件":                                           "Choose a file to upload.",
+		"文件不存在":                                             "File not found.",
+		"文件不可访问":                                            "This file cannot be accessed.",
+		"上传文件超过大小限制":                                        "The uploaded file exceeds the size limit.",
+		"图片资源不存在":                                           "Image asset not found.",
+		"当前暂不支持该存储类型的文件读取":                                  "Reading files from this storage provider is not supported yet.",
+		"客户不存在":                                             "Customer not found.",
+		"客户名称不能为空":                                          "Enter a customer name.",
+		"所属公司不存在":                                           "Company not found.",
+		"公司不存在":                                             "Company not found.",
+		"公司名称不能为空":                                          "Enter a company name.",
+		"公司名称已存在":                                           "This company name is already in use.",
+		"工单不存在":                                             "Ticket not found.",
+		"工单标题不能为空":                                          "Enter a ticket title.",
+		"工单描述不能为空":                                          "Enter a ticket description.",
+		"工单来源不合法":                                           "Invalid ticket source.",
+		"工单状态不合法":                                           "Invalid ticket status.",
+		"处理进展不能为空":                                          "Enter a progress update.",
+		"负责人不存在":                                            "Assignee not found.",
+		"会话与客户不匹配":                                          "The conversation does not belong to this customer.",
+		"视图名称不能为空":                                          "Enter a view name.",
+		"视图筛选条件格式不正确":                                       "The view filter format is invalid.",
+		"视图不存在":                                             "View not found.",
+		"标签不存在":                                             "Tag not found.",
+		"标签名称不能为空":                                          "Enter a tag name.",
+		"父标签不存在":                                            "Parent tag not found.",
+		"同级下已存在相同名称的标签":                                     "A tag with this name already exists at the same level.",
+		"不能将标签设为自己的子标签":                                     "A tag cannot be moved under itself.",
+		"该标签下存在子标签，无法删除":                                    "This tag has child tags and cannot be deleted.",
+		"该标签已关联会话，无法删除":                                     "This tag is linked to conversations and cannot be deleted.",
+		"该标签已关联工单，无法删除":                                     "This tag is linked to tickets and cannot be deleted.",
+		"快捷回复不存在":                                           "Quick reply not found.",
+		"客服档案不存在":                                           "Agent profile not found.",
+		"请选择关联用户":                                           "Select a user to link.",
+		"关联用户不存在":                                           "Linked user not found.",
+		"请选择所属客服组":                                          "Select an agent team.",
+		"所属客服组不存在":                                          "Agent team not found.",
+		"客服工号和展示名不能为空":                                      "Enter both agent ID and display name.",
+		"该用户已存在客服档案":                                        "This user already has an agent profile.",
+		"客服工号已存在":                                           "This agent ID is already in use.",
+		"客服状态不合法":                                           "Invalid agent status.",
+		"最大并发接待数不能小于 0":                                     "Maximum concurrent conversations cannot be less than 0.",
+		"客服组不存在":                                            "Agent team not found.",
+		"客服组排班不存在":                                          "Agent team schedule not found.",
+		"知识库不存在":                                            "Knowledge base not found.",
+		"FAQ不存在":                                            "FAQ not found.",
+		"FAQ知识库不支持文档":                                       "FAQ knowledge bases do not support documents.",
+		"文档不存在":                                             "Document not found.",
+		"内容类型不支持":                                           "Unsupported content type.",
+		"问题不能为空":                                            "Enter a question.",
+		"答案不能为空":                                            "Enter an answer.",
+		"相似问格式不合法":                                          "Invalid similar-question format.",
+		"当前知识库不是FAQ知识库":                                     "This knowledge base is not an FAQ knowledge base.",
+		"documentId或faqId不能为空":                              "Document ID or FAQ ID is required.",
+		"检索日志不存在":                                           "Retrieval log not found.",
+		"indexStatus参数不合法":                                  "Invalid index status.",
+		"AI配置不存在":                                           "AI configuration not found.",
+		"启用中的AI配置不允许删除":                                     "Enabled AI configurations cannot be deleted.",
+		"配置名称不能为空":                                          "Enter a configuration name.",
+		"供应商不能为空":                                           "Select a provider.",
+		"基础地址不能为空":                                          "Enter a base URL.",
+		"模型类型不能为空":                                          "Select a model type.",
+		"模型名称不能为空":                                          "Enter a model name.",
+		"AI Agent 不存在":                                      "AI Agent not found.",
+		"AI Agent不存在或未启用":                                   "AI Agent not found or not enabled.",
+		"AI Agent 不存在或已停用":                                  "AI Agent not found or disabled.",
+		"AI Agent关联的AI配置不存在":                                "The AI configuration linked to this AI Agent does not exist.",
+		"CheckPoint 不存在":                                    "Checkpoint not found.",
+		"CheckPoint 与 AI Agent 不匹配":                         "The checkpoint does not belong to this AI Agent.",
+		"会话与 AI Agent 不匹配":                                  "The conversation does not belong to this AI Agent.",
+		"Skill 不存在或未启用":                                     "Skill not found or not enabled.",
+		"Skill 不存在":                                         "Skill not found.",
+		"Skill ID 不合法":                                      "Invalid Skill ID.",
+		"Skill 编码已存在":                                       "This Skill code is already in use.",
+		"Skill 编码不能为空":                                      "Enter a Skill code.",
+		"Skill 名称不能为空":                                      "Enter a Skill name.",
+		"技能说明不能为空":                                          "Enter a Skill description.",
+		"JSON 数组格式不合法":                                      "Invalid JSON array format.",
+		"已删除的 Skill 不能直接修改状态，请先恢复":                          "Restore this deleted Skill before changing its status.",
+		"请使用删除接口处理删除状态":                                     "Use the delete endpoint to mark a Skill as deleted.",
+		"仅已删除的 Skill 支持恢复":                                  "Only deleted Skills can be restored.",
+		"MCP未启用":                                            "MCP is not enabled.",
+		"serverCode不能为空":                                    "Server code is required.",
+		"MCP endpoint不能为空":                                  "MCP endpoint is required.",
+		"MCP服务配置不存在":                                        "MCP server configuration not found.",
+		"MCP服务未启用":                                          "MCP server is not enabled.",
+		"toolName不能为空":                                      "Tool name is required.",
+		"toolCode不能为空":                                      "Tool code is required.",
+		"toolCode格式不合法":                                     "Invalid tool code format.",
+		"toolCode 绑定的 MCP 服务不存在或未启用":                        "The MCP server bound to this tool code does not exist or is not enabled.",
+		"文本内容不能为空":                                          "Text content is required.",
+		"文本列表不能为空":                                          "Text list is required.",
+		"密码长度不合法":                                           "Invalid password length.",
+		"AI Agent 不存在或未启用":                                  "AI Agent not found or not enabled.",
+		"AI Agent 名称不能为空":                                   "Enter an AI Agent name.",
+		"AI Agent 名称已存在":                                    "This AI Agent name is already in use.",
+		"AI 配置不存在":                                          "AI configuration not found.",
+		"AI 配置不能为空":                                         "Select an AI configuration.",
+		"AI 配置未启用":                                          "The AI configuration is not enabled.",
+		"Agent 运行日志不存在":                                     "Agent run log not found.",
+		"Direct Tool 的 toolCode 与 serverCode 不一致":           "Direct Tool toolCode does not match serverCode.",
+		"Direct Tool 的 toolCode 与 toolName 不一致":             "Direct Tool toolCode does not match toolName.",
+		"Direct Tool 的 toolCode 格式不合法":                      "Invalid Direct Tool toolCode format.",
+		"Direct Tool 的 toolCode、serverCode 和 toolName 不能为空": "Direct Tool toolCode, serverCode, and toolName are required.",
+		"Direct Tools 仅允许配置 MCP 工具":                         "Direct Tools can only contain MCP tools.",
+		"Direct Tools 配置格式不合法":                              "Invalid Direct Tools configuration format.",
+		"Graph Tools 仅允许配置 Graph Tool":                      "Graph Tools can only contain Graph tools.",
+		"Graph Tools 配置格式不合法":                               "Invalid Graph Tools configuration format.",
+		"HTML消息中的图片必须使用已上传文件":                               "Images in HTML messages must use uploaded files.",
+		"OIDC id_token 不存在":                                 "OIDC id_token is missing.",
+		"OIDC clientId 未配置":                                 "OIDC clientId is not configured.",
+		"OIDC clientSecret 未配置":                             "OIDC clientSecret is not configured.",
+		"OIDC issuer 未配置":                                   "OIDC issuer is not configured.",
+		"OIDC redirectUrl 未配置":                              "OIDC redirectUrl is not configured.",
+		"OIDC 授权 code 不能为空":                                 "OIDC authorization code is required.",
+		"OIDC 用户信息不存在":                                      "OIDC user information not found.",
+		"OIDC 用户标识不存在":                                      "OIDC user identifier not found.",
+		"OIDC 登录密钥未配置":                                      "OIDC sign-in secret is not configured.",
+		"OIDC 登录未启用":                                        "OIDC sign-in is not enabled.",
+		"OIDC 登录状态无效或已过期":                                   "OIDC sign-in state is invalid or has expired.",
+		"OIDC 账号绑定的系统用户不存在":                                 "The system user linked to this OIDC account does not exist.",
+		"OSS accessKeyId 未配置":                               "OSS accessKeyId is not configured.",
+		"OSS accessKeySecret 未配置":                           "OSS accessKeySecret is not configured.",
+		"OSS bucket 未配置":                                    "OSS bucket is not configured.",
+		"OSS endpoint 未配置":                                  "OSS endpoint is not configured.",
+		"Skill 未启用":                                         "Skill is not enabled.",
+		"Web渠道配置 position 只能为 left 或 right":                 "Web channel position must be left or right.",
+		"Web渠道配置不合法":                                        "Invalid web channel configuration.",
+		"aiAgentId不能为空":                                     "AI Agent ID is required.",
+		"checkPointId不能为空":                                  "Checkpoint ID is required.",
+		"customerId 必填":                                     "Customer ID is required.",
+		"openKfID不能为空":                                      "openKfID is required.",
+		"openKfId 已被其他渠道使用":                                 "This openKfId is already used by another channel.",
+		"skillCode不能为空":                                     "Skill code is required.",
+		"ticket 不能为空":                                       "Ticket is required.",
+		"userMessage不能为空":                                   "User message is required.",
+		"登录结果不能为空":                                          "Sign-in result is required.",
+		"不支持的发送人类型":                                         "Unsupported sender type.",
+		"不支持的已读操作类型":                                        "Unsupported read operation type.",
+		"不支持的文件存储类型":                                        "Unsupported file storage type.",
+		"不能添加或修改历史日期的排班":                                    "Schedules cannot be added or changed for past dates.",
+		"事务上下文不能为空":                                         "Transaction context is required.",
+		"仅允许撤回自己发送的消息":                                      "You can only recall messages you sent.",
+		"仅支持撤回客服消息":                                         "Only agent messages can be recalled.",
+		"仅能指定一条主联系方式":                                       "Only one primary contact method can be set.",
+		"企业微信 openKfID 不能为空":                                "WeCom openKfID is required.",
+		"企业微信媒体ID不能为空":                                      "WeCom media ID is required.",
+		"企业微信客户ID不能为空":                                      "WeCom customer ID is required.",
+		"企业微信手机号已被系统用户占用":                                   "This WeCom phone number is already used by a system user.",
+		"企业微信接入渠道未绑定AI Agent":                               "The WeCom channel is not linked to an AI Agent.",
+		"企业微信接入渠道绑定的AI Agent不存在或已禁用":                        "The AI Agent linked to this WeCom channel does not exist or has been disabled.",
+		"企业微信未启用或配置不完整":                                     "WeCom is not enabled or its configuration is incomplete.",
+		"企业微信消息ID不能为空":                                      "WeCom message ID is required.",
+		"企业微信渠道配置不合法":                                       "Invalid WeCom channel configuration.",
+		"企业微信渠道配置缺少 openKfId":                               "WeCom channel configuration is missing openKfId.",
+		"企业微信用户ID已被系统用户名占用":                                 "This WeCom user ID is already used as a system username.",
+		"企业微信用户ID获取失败":                                      "Failed to get the WeCom user ID.",
+		"企业微信用户信息不存在":                                       "WeCom user information not found.",
+		"企业微信登录密钥未配置":                                       "WeCom sign-in secret is not configured.",
+		"企业微信登录未启用":                                         "WeCom sign-in is not enabled.",
+		"企业微信登录状态无效或已过期":                                    "WeCom sign-in state is invalid or has expired.",
+		"企业微信账号绑定的系统用户不存在":                                  "The system user linked to this WeCom account does not exist.",
+		"企业微信邮箱已被系统用户占用":                                    "This WeCom email address is already used by a system user.",
+		"会话已关闭":                                             "This conversation is closed.",
+		"会话未分配客服，暂不允许发送消息":                                  "This conversation has not been assigned to an agent, so messages cannot be sent yet.",
+		"兜底策略不合法":                                           "Invalid fallback policy.",
+		"分块策略不支持":                                           "Unsupported chunking strategy.",
+		"创建会话失败":                                            "Failed to create the conversation.",
+		"单条排班记录不能跨天":                                        "A single schedule entry cannot span multiple days.",
+		"只有待接入未分配会话允许自动分配":                                  "Only queued unassigned conversations can be auto-assigned.",
+		"回复超时秒数不能小于 0":                                      "Reply timeout seconds cannot be less than 0.",
+		"存在冲突排班，请先处理冲突":                                     "There are conflicting schedules. Resolve the conflicts first.",
+		"存在无效工单标签":                                          "Some ticket tags are invalid.",
+		"存在未启用的工单标签":                                        "Some ticket tags are disabled.",
+		"客服会话不能为空":                                          "Support session is required.",
+		"客服会话参数不完整":                                         "Support session parameters are incomplete.",
+		"客服会话密钥未配置":                                         "Support session secret is not configured.",
+		"客服会话已过期":                                           "The support session has expired.",
+		"客服会话校验失败":                                          "Support session verification failed.",
+		"客服组下仍有关联 AI Agent，无法删除":                            "This agent team is linked to AI Agents and cannot be deleted.",
+		"客服组下仍有关联客服档案，无法删除":                                 "This agent team has linked agent profiles and cannot be deleted.",
+		"客服组下仍有关联组排班，无法删除":                                  "This agent team has schedules and cannot be deleted.",
+		"客服组名称不能为空":                                         "Enter an agent team name.",
+		"客服组名称已存在":                                          "This agent team name is already in use.",
+		"客服组未启用":                                            "Agent team is not enabled.",
+		"客服组状态不合法":                                          "Invalid agent team status.",
+		"已有接入渠道绑定该 AI Agent，无法删除":                           "This AI Agent is linked to channels and cannot be deleted.",
+		"当前 OIDC 绑定已停用":                                     "The current OIDC binding has been disabled.",
+		"当前企业微信绑定已停用":                                       "The current WeCom binding has been disabled.",
+		"当前会话不处于 AI 接待状态":                                   "This conversation is not currently handled by AI.",
+		"当前会话已分配给其他客服":                                      "This conversation has been assigned to another agent.",
+		"当前会话已由人工客服接管":                                      "This conversation has already been taken over by a human agent.",
+		"当前渠道不支持用户 JWT Secret":                              "This channel does not support a user JWT secret.",
+		"当前系统账号已被禁用":                                        "The current system account has been disabled.",
+		"微信公众号渠道配置不合法":                                      "Invalid WeChat Official Account channel configuration.",
+		"接入渠道不存在":                                           "Channel not found.",
+		"接收人不能为空":                                           "Recipient is required.",
+		"文档知识库不能使用FAQ分块策略":                                  "Document knowledge bases cannot use the FAQ chunking strategy.",
+		"时间格式错误":                                            "Invalid time format.",
+		"星期必须在 1 到 7 之间":                                    "Weekday must be between 1 and 7.",
+		"服务模式不合法":                                           "Invalid service mode.",
+		"未找到匹配的企业微信接入渠道":                                    "No matching WeCom channel was found.",
+		"未生成任何排班":                                           "No schedules were generated.",
+		"未配置可用的 AI 配置":                                      "No available AI configuration is configured.",
+		"未配置可用的 Embedding 模型":                               "No available embedding model is configured.",
+		"标题和内容不能为空":                                         "Enter both title and content.",
+		"消息不存在":                                             "Message not found.",
+		"消息内容不能为空":                                          "Message content is required.",
+		"消息已撤回":                                             "This message has been recalled.",
+		"渠道名称不能为空":                                          "Enter a channel name.",
+		"渠道标识已存在":                                           "This channel code is already in use.",
+		"渠道状态不合法":                                           "Invalid channel status.",
+		"渠道类型不合法":                                           "Invalid channel type.",
+		"用户名称不能为空":                                          "User name is required.",
+		"用户标识不能为空":                                          "User ID is required.",
+		"用户身份不能为空":                                          "User identity is required.",
+		"用户身份已过期":                                           "User identity has expired.",
+		"用户身份校验失败":                                          "User identity verification failed.",
+		"用户身份校验未配置":                                         "User identity verification is not configured.",
+		"登录票据无效或已过期":                                        "The sign-in ticket is invalid or has expired.",
+		"知识库下存在FAQ，无法删除":                                    "This knowledge base contains FAQs and cannot be deleted.",
+		"知识库下存在文档，无法删除":                                     "This knowledge base contains documents and cannot be deleted.",
+		"知识库不能为空":                                           "Knowledge base is required.",
+		"知识库未启用":                                            "Knowledge base is not enabled.",
+		"知识库类型不支持":                                          "Unsupported knowledge base type.",
+		"组长用户不存在":                                           "Team lead user not found.",
+		"结束日期必须晚于或等于开始日期":                                   "End date must be later than or equal to start date.",
+		"结束时间必须晚于开始时间":                                      "End time must be later than start time.",
+		"联系方式不存在":                                           "Contact method not found.",
+		"联系方式不能为空":                                          "Contact method is required.",
+		"联系方式类型不合法":                                         "Invalid contact method type.",
+		"该客服组在所选时间段已存在排班":                                   "This agent team already has a schedule in the selected time period.",
+		"该联系方式已存在":                                          "This contact method already exists.",
+		"请至少选择一个知识库":                                        "Select at least one knowledge base.",
+		"请选择 AI Agent":                                      "Select an AI Agent.",
+		"请选择客服组":                                            "Select an agent team.",
+		"请选择星期":                                             "Select a weekday.",
+		"转人工模式不合法":                                          "Invalid human handoff mode.",
+		"通知不存在":                                             "Notification not found.",
+		"附件不存在":                                             "Attachment not found.",
+		"附件尚未上传完成":                                          "The attachment has not finished uploading.",
+		"附件消息 payload 格式错误":                                 "Invalid attachment message payload format.",
+		"附件消息缺少 assetId":                                    "Attachment message is missing assetId.",
+		"附件消息缺少 payload":                                    "Attachment message is missing payload.",
+		"默认客服组待接入池模式必须至少选择一个客服组":                            "Default team queue mode requires at least one agent team.",
+	},
+}
+
+func TranslateKnownMessage(locale string, message string) string {
+	normalized := NormalizeLocale(locale)
+	if normalized == LocaleZhCN {
+		return message
+	}
+	if translations, ok := knownMessages[normalized]; ok {
+		if translated, exists := translations[message]; exists {
+			return translated
+		}
+	}
+	if translated, ok := translateKnownPattern(normalized, message); ok {
+		return translated
+	}
+	return message
+}
+
+func translateKnownPattern(locale string, message string) (string, bool) {
+	if locale != LocaleEnUS {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if matches := maxScheduleBatchMessagePattern.FindStringSubmatch(message); len(matches) == 2 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("You can generate at most %s schedule entries at a time.", matches[1]), true
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(message, "开始时间格式错误，请使用 ") {
+		return translateTimeFormatMessage(message, "开始时间格式错误，请使用 ", "start time")
+	}
+	if strings.HasPrefix(message, "结束时间格式错误，请使用 ") {
+		return translateTimeFormatMessage(message, "结束时间格式错误，请使用 ", "end time")
+	}
+	return "", false
+}
+
+func translateTimeFormatMessage(message string, prefix string, field string) (string, bool) {
+	format := strings.TrimPrefix(message, prefix)
+	if format == message || format == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	format = strings.ReplaceAll(format, " 或 ", " or ")
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Invalid %s format. Use %s.", field, format), true
+}

internal/pkg/i18nx/locales/active.en-US.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+["error.auth.expired"]
+other = "Your session has expired. Please sign in again."
+
+["error.notFound"]
+other = "Not found"
+
+["error.path.invalid"]
+other = "Invalid path parameter."

internal/pkg/i18nx/locales/active.zh-CN.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+["error.auth.expired"]
+other = "未登录或登录已过期"
+
+["error.notFound"]
+other = "Not found"
+
+["error.path.invalid"]
+other = "路径参数错误"

internal/pkg/i18nx/message.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package i18nx
+
+import (
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/nicksnyder/go-i18n/v2/i18n"
+)
+
+func T(ctx *gin.Context, messageID string, data map[string]any) string {
+	if ctx != nil {
+		if value, exists := ctx.Get(contextLocaleKey); exists {
+			if locale, ok := value.(string); ok {
+				return TLocale(locale, messageID, data)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return TLocale(LocaleZhCN, messageID, data)
+}
+
+func TLocale(locale string, messageID string, data map[string]any) string {
+	normalized := NormalizeLocale(locale)
+	message := localize(normalized, messageID, data)
+	if message != "" {
+		return message
+	}
+	if normalized != LocaleZhCN {
+		message = localize(LocaleZhCN, messageID, data)
+		if message != "" {
+			return message
+		}
+	}
+	return messageID
+}
+
+func localize(locale string, messageID string, data map[string]any) string {
+	localizer := i18n.NewLocalizer(Bundle(), locale, LocaleZhCN)
+	message, err := localizer.Localize(&i18n.LocalizeConfig{
+		MessageID:    messageID,
+		TemplateData: data,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return message
+}

internal/pkg/i18nx/middleware.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package i18nx
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"golang.org/x/text/language"
+)
+
+const (
+	LocaleZhCN = "zh-CN"
+	LocaleEnUS = "en-US"
+)
+
+var supportedLocales = map[string]string{
+	"zh":      LocaleZhCN,
+	"zh-cn":   LocaleZhCN,
+	"zh_cn":   LocaleZhCN,
+	"zh-hans": LocaleZhCN,
+	"en":      LocaleEnUS,
+	"en-us":   LocaleEnUS,
+	"en_us":   LocaleEnUS,
+}
+
+func NormalizeLocale(value string) string {
+	key := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value))
+	if key == "" {
+		return LocaleZhCN
+	}
+	if locale, ok := supportedLocales[key]; ok {
+		return locale
+	}
+	return LocaleZhCN
+}
+
+func ResolveRequestLocale(req *http.Request) string {
+	if req == nil {
+		return LocaleZhCN
+	}
+	if locale := normalizeSupportedLocale(req.Header.Get("X-Locale")); locale != "" {
+		return locale
+	}
+	if locale := resolveAcceptLanguage(req.Header.Get("Accept-Language")); locale != "" {
+		return locale
+	}
+	if locale := normalizeSupportedLocale(req.URL.Query().Get("locale")); locale != "" {
+		return locale
+	}
+	return LocaleZhCN
+}
+
+func Middleware() gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(ctx *gin.Context) {
+		SetLocale(ctx, ResolveRequestLocale(ctx.Request))
+		ctx.Next()
+	}
+}
+
+func normalizeSupportedLocale(value string) string {
+	key := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(value))
+	if key == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if locale, ok := supportedLocales[key]; ok {
+		return locale
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func resolveAcceptLanguage(value string) string {
+	tags, _, err := language.ParseAcceptLanguage(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, tag := range tags {
+		if locale := normalizeSupportedLocale(tag.String()); locale != "" {
+			return locale
+		}
+		base, _ := tag.Base()
+		if locale := normalizeSupportedLocale(base.String()); locale != "" {
+			return locale
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}

internal/pkg/toolx/builtin_tools.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 )
 
 type ToolSpec struct {
@@ -218,6 +219,20 @@ func GetRegisteredToolTitle(toolCode string) string {
 	return spec.Title
 }
 
+func GetRegisteredToolTitleLocale(toolCode string, locale string) string {
+	spec, ok := GetRegisteredToolSpec(toolCode)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale) != i18nx.LocaleEnUS {
+		return spec.Title
+	}
+	if text := registeredToolEnglishTitle(spec.Code); text != "" {
+		return text
+	}
+	return spec.Title
+}
+
 func GetRegisteredToolDescription(toolCode string) string {
 	spec, ok := GetRegisteredToolSpec(toolCode)
 	if !ok {
@@ -226,6 +241,62 @@ func GetRegisteredToolDescription(toolCode string) string {
 	return spec.Description
 }
 
+func GetRegisteredToolDescriptionLocale(toolCode string, locale string) string {
+	spec, ok := GetRegisteredToolSpec(toolCode)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale) != i18nx.LocaleEnUS {
+		return spec.Description
+	}
+	if text := registeredToolEnglishDescription(spec.Code); text != "" {
+		return text
+	}
+	return spec.Description
+}
+
+func registeredToolEnglishTitle(toolCode string) string {
+	switch toolCode {
+	case BuiltinToolSearch.Code:
+		return "Search and Run Dynamic Tools"
+	case BuiltinSkill.Code:
+		return "Load Skill Instructions"
+	case GraphTriageServiceRequest.Code:
+		return "Route Service Request"
+	case GraphAnalyzeConversation.Code:
+		return "Analyze Conversation Risk and Summary"
+	case GraphPrepareTicketDraft.Code:
+		return "Prepare Ticket Draft"
+	case GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Code:
+		return "Create Ticket With Confirmation"
+	case GraphHandoffConversation.Code:
+		return "Handoff to Human With Confirmation"
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+func registeredToolEnglishDescription(toolCode string) string {
+	switch toolCode {
+	case BuiltinToolSearch.Code:
+		return "Searches the MCP tools currently available to the agent and runs the selected tool after its toolCode is confirmed. Best for long-tail tools; it should not replace fixed built-in workflow tools."
+	case BuiltinSkill.Code:
+		return "Loads specialized skill instructions for the current agent when extra task-specific guidance is needed."
+	case GraphTriageServiceRequest.Code:
+		return "Analyzes the current conversation to decide whether to keep answering, prepare a ticket draft, or hand off to a human, including a ticket draft when ticket creation is appropriate."
+	case GraphAnalyzeConversation.Code:
+		return "Summarizes the current conversation, identifies risk signals, and recommends whether to keep answering, create a ticket, or hand off to a human."
+	case GraphPrepareTicketDraft.Code:
+		return "Turns the current conversation and collected details into a ticket draft with a suggested title, description, missing fields, and follow-up questions."
+	case GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Code:
+		return "Guides ticket creation with parameter preparation, customer confirmation, actual ticket creation, and final result delivery."
+	case GraphHandoffConversation.Code:
+		return "Guides human handoff with reason preparation, customer confirmation, actual transfer, and final result delivery."
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
 func GetRegisteredToolIdentity(toolCode string) (serverCode, toolName string, ok bool) {
 	spec, ok := GetRegisteredToolSpec(toolCode)
 	if !ok {

internal/pkg/toolx/builtin_tools_test.go

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 package toolx
 
-import "testing"
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
+)
 
 func TestResolveToolMetadata(t *testing.T) {
 	item := ResolveToolMetadata("builtin/create_ticket_with_confirmation", "")
@@ -33,3 +37,28 @@ func TestResolveToolMetadataFallsBackToName(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unexpected source type: %s", item.SourceType)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRegisteredToolTextUsesEnglishLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	title := GetRegisteredToolTitleLocale(GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Code, i18nx.LocaleEnUS)
+	if title != "Create Ticket With Confirmation" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected english title: %q", title)
+	}
+
+	description := GetRegisteredToolDescriptionLocale(GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Code, i18nx.LocaleEnUS)
+	want := "Guides ticket creation with parameter preparation, customer confirmation, actual ticket creation, and final result delivery."
+	if description != want {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected english description: %q", description)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisteredToolTextKeepsChineseLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	title := GetRegisteredToolTitleLocale(GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Code, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+	if title != GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Title {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected chinese title: %q", title)
+	}
+
+	description := GetRegisteredToolDescriptionLocale(GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Code, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+	if description != GraphCreateTicketConfirm.Description {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected chinese description: %q", description)
+	}
+}

internal/services/dashboard_service.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/models"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/dto/response"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/repositories"
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
@@ -23,7 +24,8 @@ func newDashboardService() *dashboardService {
 type dashboardService struct {
 }
 
-func (s *dashboardService) GetOverview(rangeValue string) response.DashboardOverviewResponse {
+func (s *dashboardService) GetOverview(rangeValue string, locale string) response.DashboardOverviewResponse {
+	locale = i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale)
 	now := time.Now()
 	normalizedRange, trendDays := normalizeDashboardRange(rangeValue)
 	todayStart := startOfDay(now)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ func (s *dashboardService) GetOverview(rangeValue string) response.DashboardOver
 	enabledAIAgents := repositories.DashboardRepository.ListAIAgents(db, func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
 		return tx.Where("status = ?", enums.StatusOk)
 	})
-	alerts := s.buildAlerts(now, db, enabledAIAgents, agentTeams, activeSchedules)
+	alerts := s.buildAlerts(now, db, enabledAIAgents, agentTeams, activeSchedules, locale)
 
 	return response.DashboardOverviewResponse{
 		Range:       normalizedRange,
@@ -91,7 +93,7 @@ func (s *dashboardService) GetOverview(rangeValue string) response.DashboardOver
 			AIServiceRate:                calcAIServiceRate(activeConversations),
 		},
 		ConversationStats: response.DashboardSectionStatsResponse{
-			StatusDistribution: buildConversationStatusDistribution(db),
+			StatusDistribution: buildConversationStatusDistribution(db, locale),
 			Trend:              buildConversationTrend(db, trendStart),
 		},
 		AgentStats: response.DashboardAgentStatsResponse{
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ func (s *dashboardService) GetOverview(rangeValue string) response.DashboardOver
 			TodayAIHandoffCount:             aiHandoffCount,
 		},
 		Alerts:     alerts,
-		QuickLinks: buildDashboardQuickLinks(),
+		QuickLinks: buildDashboardQuickLinks(locale),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ func (s *dashboardService) buildAgentStats(now time.Time, teams []models.AgentTe
 	return onlineAgents, busyAgents, offlineAgents, teamLoads
 }
 
-func (s *dashboardService) buildAlerts(now time.Time, db *gorm.DB, aiAgents []models.AIAgent, teams []models.AgentTeam, schedules []models.AgentTeamSchedule) []response.DashboardAlertResponse {
+func (s *dashboardService) buildAlerts(now time.Time, db *gorm.DB, aiAgents []models.AIAgent, teams []models.AgentTeam, schedules []models.AgentTeamSchedule, locale string) []response.DashboardAlertResponse {
 	alerts := make([]response.DashboardAlertResponse, 0, 4)
 	pendingTimeout := now.Add(-10 * time.Minute)
 	activeTimeout := now.Add(-30 * time.Minute)
@@ -227,8 +229,8 @@ func (s *dashboardService) buildAlerts(now time.Time, db *gorm.DB, aiAgents []mo
 		alerts = append(alerts, response.DashboardAlertResponse{
 			ID:          "pending-long-wait",
 			Level:       "warning",
-			Title:       "待接入会话堆积",
-			Description: "存在超过 10 分钟仍未接入的会话，建议优先处理分配。",
+			Title:       dashboardText(locale, "alert.pendingLongWait.title"),
+			Description: dashboardText(locale, "alert.pendingLongWait.description"),
 			Count:       pendingLongWaitCount,
 			Link:        "/dashboard/conversations",
 		})
@@ -244,8 +246,8 @@ func (s *dashboardService) buildAlerts(now time.Time, db *gorm.DB, aiAgents []mo
 		alerts = append(alerts, response.DashboardAlertResponse{
 			ID:          "stale-processing",
 			Level:       "warning",
-			Title:       "处理中会话长时间无响应",
-			Description: "部分处理中会话已超过 30 分钟没有最新消息，需要确认跟进状态。",
+			Title:       dashboardText(locale, "alert.staleProcessing.title"),
+			Description: dashboardText(locale, "alert.staleProcessing.description"),
 			Count:       staleProcessingCount,
 			Link:        "/dashboard/conversations",
 		})
@@ -265,8 +267,8 @@ func (s *dashboardService) buildAlerts(now time.Time, db *gorm.DB, aiAgents []mo
 		alerts = append(alerts, response.DashboardAlertResponse{
 			ID:          "team-no-schedule",
 			Level:       "info",
-			Title:       "客服组当前无生效排班",
-			Description: "部分启用中的客服组当前没有生效排班，可能影响自动分配。",
+			Title:       dashboardText(locale, "alert.teamNoSchedule.title"),
+			Description: dashboardText(locale, "alert.teamNoSchedule.description"),
 			Count:       scheduleMissingCount,
 			Link:        "/dashboard/agent-team-schedules",
 		})
@@ -282,8 +284,8 @@ func (s *dashboardService) buildAlerts(now time.Time, db *gorm.DB, aiAgents []mo
 		alerts = append(alerts, response.DashboardAlertResponse{
 			ID:          "ai-no-knowledge",
 			Level:       "info",
-			Title:       "AI Agent 未绑定知识库",
-			Description: "部分启用中的 AI Agent 尚未绑定知识库，回答质量可能不稳定。",
+			Title:       dashboardText(locale, "alert.aiNoKnowledge.title"),
+			Description: dashboardText(locale, "alert.aiNoKnowledge.description"),
 			Count:       aiAgentWithoutKnowledgeCount,
 			Link:        "/dashboard/ai-agents",
 		})
@@ -299,12 +301,12 @@ func (s *dashboardService) buildAlerts(now time.Time, db *gorm.DB, aiAgents []mo
 	return alerts
 }
 
-func buildConversationStatusDistribution(db *gorm.DB) []response.DashboardStatusDistributionItem {
+func buildConversationStatusDistribution(db *gorm.DB, locale string) []response.DashboardStatusDistributionItem {
 	ret := make([]response.DashboardStatusDistributionItem, 0, len(enums.IMConversationStatusValues))
 	for _, status := range enums.IMConversationStatusValues {
 		ret = append(ret, response.DashboardStatusDistributionItem{
 			Status: int(status),
-			Label:  labelOrDefault(enums.GetIMConversationStatusLabel(status), fmt.Sprintf("状态 %d", status)),
+			Label:  conversationStatusLabel(status, locale),
 			Count: repositories.DashboardRepository.CountConversations(db, func(tx *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB {
 				return tx.Where("status = ?", status)
 			}),
@@ -364,13 +366,13 @@ func flattenTrendMap(series map[string]*response.DashboardTrendItem) []response.
 	return ret
 }
 
-func buildDashboardQuickLinks() []response.DashboardQuickLinkResponse {
+func buildDashboardQuickLinks(locale string) []response.DashboardQuickLinkResponse {
 	return []response.DashboardQuickLinkResponse{
-		{Title: "会话管理", Description: "查看待接入与处理中会话", Link: "/dashboard/conversations"},
-		{Title: "客服档案", Description: "查看客服状态与分组配置", Link: "/dashboard/agents"},
-		{Title: "知识库", Description: "维护文档与查看检索日志", Link: "/dashboard/knowledge"},
-		{Title: "AI Agent", Description: "配置 AI 接待策略与知识绑定", Link: "/dashboard/ai-agents"},
-		{Title: "接入渠道", Description: "管理接入渠道与默认 Agent", Link: "/dashboard/channels"},
+		{Title: dashboardText(locale, "quick.conversations.title"), Description: dashboardText(locale, "quick.conversations.description"), Link: "/dashboard/conversations"},
+		{Title: dashboardText(locale, "quick.agents.title"), Description: dashboardText(locale, "quick.agents.description"), Link: "/dashboard/agents"},
+		{Title: dashboardText(locale, "quick.knowledge.title"), Description: dashboardText(locale, "quick.knowledge.description"), Link: "/dashboard/knowledge"},
+		{Title: dashboardText(locale, "quick.aiAgents.title"), Description: dashboardText(locale, "quick.aiAgents.description"), Link: "/dashboard/ai-agents"},
+		{Title: dashboardText(locale, "quick.channels.title"), Description: dashboardText(locale, "quick.channels.description"), Link: "/dashboard/channels"},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -415,3 +417,75 @@ func labelOrDefault(value, fallback string) string {
 	}
 	return fallback
 }
+
+func conversationStatusLabel(status enums.IMConversationStatus, locale string) string {
+	if i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale) == i18nx.LocaleEnUS {
+		switch status {
+		case enums.IMConversationStatusAIServing:
+			return "AI active"
+		case enums.IMConversationStatusPending:
+			return "Queued"
+		case enums.IMConversationStatusActive:
+			return "In progress"
+		case enums.IMConversationStatusClosed:
+			return "Closed"
+		default:
+			return fmt.Sprintf("Status %d", status)
+		}
+	}
+	return labelOrDefault(enums.GetIMConversationStatusLabel(status), fmt.Sprintf("状态 %d", status))
+}
+
+func dashboardText(locale string, key string) string {
+	if i18nx.NormalizeLocale(locale) == i18nx.LocaleEnUS {
+		if value, ok := dashboardEnUS[key]; ok {
+			return value
+		}
+	}
+	if value, ok := dashboardZhCN[key]; ok {
+		return value
+	}
+	return key
+}
+
+var dashboardZhCN = map[string]string{
+	"alert.pendingLongWait.title":       "待接入会话堆积",
+	"alert.pendingLongWait.description": "存在超过 10 分钟仍未接入的会话，建议优先处理分配。",
+	"alert.staleProcessing.title":       "处理中会话长时间无响应",
+	"alert.staleProcessing.description": "部分处理中会话已超过 30 分钟没有最新消息，需要确认跟进状态。",
+	"alert.teamNoSchedule.title":        "客服组当前无生效排班",
+	"alert.teamNoSchedule.description":  "部分启用中的客服组当前没有生效排班，可能影响自动分配。",
+	"alert.aiNoKnowledge.title":         "AI Agent 未绑定知识库",
+	"alert.aiNoKnowledge.description":   "部分启用中的 AI Agent 尚未绑定知识库，回答质量可能不稳定。",
+	"quick.conversations.title":         "会话管理",
+	"quick.conversations.description":   "查看待接入与处理中会话",
+	"quick.agents.title":                "客服档案",
+	"quick.agents.description":          "查看客服状态与分组配置",
+	"quick.knowledge.title":             "知识库",
+	"quick.knowledge.description":       "维护文档与查看检索日志",
+	"quick.aiAgents.title":              "AI Agent",
+	"quick.aiAgents.description":        "配置 AI 接待策略与知识绑定",
+	"quick.channels.title":              "接入渠道",
+	"quick.channels.description":        "管理接入渠道与默认 Agent",
+}
+
+var dashboardEnUS = map[string]string{
+	"alert.pendingLongWait.title":       "Queued conversations are piling up",
+	"alert.pendingLongWait.description": "Some conversations have been waiting for more than 10 minutes. Prioritize assignment.",
+	"alert.staleProcessing.title":       "Active conversations need attention",
+	"alert.staleProcessing.description": "Some active conversations have had no new messages for over 30 minutes. Check their follow-up status.",
+	"alert.teamNoSchedule.title":        "Agent teams have no active schedule",
+	"alert.teamNoSchedule.description":  "Some enabled agent teams do not have an active schedule right now, which may affect automatic assignment.",
+	"alert.aiNoKnowledge.title":         "AI Agents are missing knowledge bases",
+	"alert.aiNoKnowledge.description":   "Some enabled AI Agents are not linked to a knowledge base yet, which may reduce answer quality.",
+	"quick.conversations.title":         "Conversations",
+	"quick.conversations.description":   "Review queued and active conversations",
+	"quick.agents.title":                "Agents",
+	"quick.agents.description":          "Check agent status and team setup",
+	"quick.knowledge.title":             "Knowledge base",
+	"quick.knowledge.description":       "Manage documents and review retrieval logs",
+	"quick.aiAgents.title":              "AI Agents",
+	"quick.aiAgents.description":        "Configure AI service policies and knowledge bindings",
+	"quick.channels.title":              "Channels",
+	"quick.channels.description":        "Manage channels and default agents",
+}

internal/services/dashboard_service_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package services
+
+import (
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestDashboardTextUsesEnglishLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	if got := dashboardText(i18nx.LocaleEnUS, "alert.pendingLongWait.title"); got != "Queued conversations are piling up" {
+		t.Fatalf("dashboardText() = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := dashboardText(i18nx.LocaleZhCN, "alert.pendingLongWait.title"); got != "待接入会话堆积" {
+		t.Fatalf("dashboardText() = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConversationStatusLabelUsesEnglishLocale(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	if got := conversationStatusLabel(enums.IMConversationStatusPending, i18nx.LocaleEnUS); got != "Queued" {
+		t.Fatalf("conversationStatusLabel() = %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := conversationStatusLabel(enums.IMConversationStatusPending, i18nx.LocaleZhCN); got != "待接入" {
+		t.Fatalf("conversationStatusLabel() = %q", got)
+	}
+}

internal/services/tool_catalog_service.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/config"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/enums"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/errorsx"
+	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/i18nx"
 	"cs-agent/internal/pkg/toolx"
 )
 
@@ -33,6 +34,10 @@ type MCPToolCatalogItem struct {
 }
 
 func (s *toolCatalogService) ListMCPTools(ctx context.Context) ([]MCPToolCatalogItem, error) {
+	return s.ListMCPToolsWithLocale(ctx, i18nx.LocaleZhCN)
+}
+
+func (s *toolCatalogService) ListMCPToolsWithLocale(ctx context.Context, locale string) ([]MCPToolCatalogItem, error) {
 	cfg := config.Current()
 	ret := make([]MCPToolCatalogItem, 0, 3)
 	for _, spec := range toolx.ListAgentDirectToolSpecs() {
@@ -45,8 +50,8 @@ func (s *toolCatalogService) ListMCPTools(ctx context.Context) ([]MCPToolCatalog
 			ToolName:     spec.Name,
 			SourceType:   spec.SourceType,
 			AutoInjected: spec.AutoInjected,
-			Title:        spec.Title,
-			Description:  spec.Description,
+			Title:        toolx.GetRegisteredToolTitleLocale(spec.Code, locale),
+			Description:  toolx.GetRegisteredToolDescriptionLocale(spec.Code, locale),
 		})
 	}
 	if !cfg.MCP.Enabled {